VAT in the Digital Age (ViDA) is one of the most significant regulation changes to EU VAT in recent years. Changes to requirements became effective on 12 March 2025 with the official adoption of the package, with further rules coming into effect in 2030.
This blog discusses the changes impacting businesses, including Digital Reporting Requirements, and when they take effect.
Under the previous VAT Directive, EU approval was required for Member States to introduce domestic mandatory B2B e-invoicing. Countries such as Italy, Poland, Germany, France, Belgium and Romania applied for derogations to mandate e-invoicing. With ViDA, Member States may impose domestic e-invoicing without needing EU approval, provided it applies only to established taxpayers.
The previous EU VAT Directive stated the use of e-invoices was subject to buyer acceptance. Under ViDA, Member States that have introduced mandatory domestic e-invoicing will no longer require buyer consent.
ViDA redefines electronic invoices. Under the proposal, electronic invoices are those issued, transmitted and received in a structured electronic format that allows its automated processing. This means that non-structured formats, such as pure PDFs or JPEG images, will no longer qualify as an e-invoice. Hybrid formats, such as ZUGFeRD and Factur-X, can remain due to their structured portion.
In principle, electronic invoices must comply with the European standard and the list of its syntaxes pursuant to Directive 2014/55/EU (the “EN” format). However, ViDA allows Member States to use other standards for domestic transactions upon meeting certain conditions.
From 2030, B2B e-invoices compliant with the European standard will be the default and no longer requiring buyer acceptance. However, if a Member State opts for a different mandatory domestic standard, they may either waive or require buyer acceptance for e-invoices using the European standard.
One of the most impactful updates in ViDA is the requirement for near-real-time digital reporting of cross-border transaction data.
Starting in 2030, taxpayers engaging in cross-border transactions within the EU must report invoice data electronically following the EN format. Such DRR will be a condition for taxpayers to exempt VAT in a cross-border transaction or claim input VAT. Each Member State will provide electronic mechanisms for submitting this data.
With ViDA, cross-border e-invoices within the EU must be issued in up to 10 days after the chargeable event. In these cases, DRR must happen at the same time the e-invoice is issued or should have been issued.
Invoices issued by the recipient on behalf of the seller (known as self-billing) and the invoices related to intra-community acquisitions must be reported no later than five days after the invoice is issued or should have been issued or received, respectively.
As expected, DRRs may be carried out by the taxpayers themselves or outsourced to a third party on their behalf.
ViDA grants Member States the option to mandate digital reporting for domestic B2B/B2C sales, purchase data, and self-supplies for VAT-registered taxpayers within their jurisdiction. Domestic reporting requirements must align with ViDA’s cross-border DRR standards, and Member States must permit submissions in the European standard format, although other interoperable formats may be allowed.
For Member States with domestic real-time reporting systems in place as of 1 January 2024, compliance with ViDA’s standards will be required by 2035. On the other hand, the package clarifies that other reporting obligations, such as SAF-T, can still exist. This alignment will ensure consistency across the EU in preparation for full ViDA implementation.
Member States have until 30 June 2030 to integrate ViDA’s e-invoicing and DRR provisions into their national legislation, making the Directive effective across the EU by 1 July 2030.
ViDA represents a significant shift for businesses operating within the EU, promising both opportunities and challenges. By introducing DRRs, ViDA aims to replace obsolete requirements, reduce administrative burdens, improve accuracy, and combat VAT fraud.
The move towards structured e-invoicing and near-real-time digital reporting will require businesses to update their invoicing and reporting systems, driving digital transformation across sectors. While the transition may entail initial adjustments, it is expected to increase efficiency, create a level playing field, and facilitate smoother interoperability between companies using different systems.
Find out more by reading our dedicated VAT in the Digital Age guide.
With the VAT in the Digital Age (ViDA) officially adopted by the EU on 11 March 2025, businesses have many questions about its rollout and impact on their operations. We answer the most frequently asked questions.
ViDA is leading to changes in several areas of Value Added tax (VAT) law, starting now and going on for the coming decade.
From its entry into force on 14 April 2025, ViDA immediately removed restrictions that previously prevented EU countries from introducing mandatory domestic e-invoicing.
Therefore, Member States can now introduce both mandatory domestic e-invoicing and digital reporting requirements (DRRs), as long as they align with ViDA by 2030. By 2030 electronic invoicing and DRRs will become mandatory for so-called intra-Community transactions.
Since ViDA’s approval, we are already seeing momentum across the EU, with several countries announcing plans to introduce mandatory e-invoicing and real-time reporting within the next few years. ViDA will see the intensification of the current wave of new Continuous Transaction Control (CTC) mandates to prepare for in the short term, with many EU countries already announcing initiatives or starting rollout.
No, the ‘grace’ period for businesses was taken into account when setting the 2030 deadline for mandatory electronic invoicing and DRRs for intra-Community transactions. Member States’ domestic mandates will follow each country’s legislative process and culture but we are seeing an average period of 18-24 months for businesses to adapt, with no grace period after that.
Many businesses gravely underestimate the work required to ensure data quality, including the long adaptation cycles for their different business applications to incorporate the data and process changes required for real-time reporting and e-invoicing.
The introduction of changes of this magnitude to business and administrative processes is never without challenges on both sides of the equation. Businesses will make mistakes that may take time to fix, and this only gets harder as governments do the same thing in parallel under the pressure of political deadlines.
All invoicing and related processes will be impacted by ViDA including any accounts payable and accounts receivable process and the associated information systems that support them. All invoicing needs to be reviewed against this backdrop and readied for the digitization paradigm shift that will come off the back of ViDA.
Whilst the reporting processes required to meet specific transmission protocols, authentication, and document exchange orchestration tend to get a lot of attention, businesses should be equally wary of the impact of CTC mandates generated or modified by ViDA on their upstream processes and data.
Many businesses have multiple ERP systems, multiple billing systems, accounts payable systems etc. for different lines of business or trading partner categories. Most of these systems process invoice data on a paper or PDF invoice manually or semi-automated which cannot be easily ‘upgraded’ to handle the data completeness and quality requirements of a stringent e-invoicing and e-reporting regime.
Beyond the headlines about mandatory e-invoicing and real-time reporting, the fine print of ViDA will drive a number of challenging modifications to business processes. This includes the very definition of what constitutes an invoice which will require billions of PDF invoices in the European Union to be converted to machine-readable formats.
To comply with ViDA, businesses will need to increasingly use software and service providers that can guarantee compliance with frameworks and laws that add up to a need for a complete rethink of invoicing processes and systems throughout most businesses.
Companies that currently use EDI systems, procure-to-pay or accounts payable automation software of SaaS services, customer communications management, order-to-cash, electronic billing presentment and payment solutions etc. must ask themselves how those platforms will handle the new requirements for e-invoicing and e-reporting under ViDA and associated regulatory initiatives.
These vendors specializing in business process optimization typically have little experience with this specific area of compliance. Most of them are not set up to anticipate and address the tens or hundreds of changes that typically follow the initial rollout of a CTC regime in any jurisdiction in a timely manner.
We advise businesses to contact their enterprise software vendors and service providers now to ask these questions – are they aware of these changes as a result of ViDA, and what is their plan to keep you compliant?
Under ViDA, cross-border transactions between EU countries will be subject to a new real-time reporting regime (DRR) that replaces the current requirement for a recapitulative statement. Each transaction will be reported individually to the respective national tax authority, which will then transmit the data within one day to a centralized European Commission-managed system known as “Central VIES”. This enhanced platform, launching in July 2030, will consolidate intra-EU B2B transaction data, integrate with systems like the Customs Surveillance System and the Central Electronic System of Payments (CESOP), and provide a unified interface for VAT number validation and transaction transparency across the EU.
In addition to these digital reporting sections of ViDA, intra-EU cross-border transactions are also affected by other parts of the proposal in other ways. For example, quite far-reaching changes will take place, removing administrative burdens for businesses moving their own stock between EU countries.
Want to know more about ViDA? Get in touch with an expert here or learn more about VAT in the Digital Age with this guide.
In this webinar will explain Belgium’s B2B e-invoicing fundamentals and showcase a live demo of Sovos’ end-to-end compliance solution.
In today’s rapidly evolving regulatory landscape, tax departments are under increasing pressure to enhance efficiency, ensure compliance and deliver strategic value. However, securing an investment in tax technology often requires a compelling business case that resonates with organizational stakeholders. With the right strategy and organization buy-in, you can transform your tax.
Join us for this webinar where Sovos experts will be joined by an SAPinsider analyst to discuss how tax leaders can construct a persuasive business case for tax technology investment. Drawing from real-world experiences and best practices, we’ll explore how to align tax technology initiatives with broader organizational goals, quantify both tangible and intangible benefits and effectively communicate the value proposition to decision-makers.
Attend to learn how you can:
Quantify ROI, including cost savings, risk mitigation and process improvements.
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Anticipate future requirements and ensure flexibility in tax processes.
Strengthen your business case and engage stakeholders effectively.
Whether you’re a tax professional seeking to modernize your department or a finance leader evaluating technology investments, this webinar will equip you with the tools and insights needed to build a robust business case for tax technology.
Don’t miss this opportunity to learn how you can transform your tax function into an asset for the business.
Keeping up with evolving tax mandates across multiple countries is challenging. This webinar provides key insights into recent and upcoming regulatory updates—including VAT, SAF-T and e-invoicing—across 12 European countries, helping you stay compliant and prepared.
As some countries either introduce or consider introducing mandatory natural catastrophe insurance (e.g., Italy this year), France is ahead of the curve.
This is because France already has a specific compensation scheme in place for coverage of property against natural disasters, and has had one since 1982. The importance of the scheme is clear, as it is based on a statement in the preamble to the 1946 Constitution that French citizens are united and equal in bearing the burden of natural disasters. It is often referred to as the CATNAT or NATCAT regime.
Unlike in some countries where mandatory natural catastrophe insurance may be limited to insurance of buildings, various types of insurance are within the remit of the CATNAT regime in France.
First and foremost, damage to property coverage (both fire damage and any other damage to property) triggers the insured’s entitlement to cover against the effects of natural disasters. This is extended to damage to motor vehicles and, separately, also operating losses caused by damage to property.
It is worth highlighting that insurers providing these types of insurance must include a clause in their contracts outlining their coverage of natural disasters. Any provision to the contrary is invalid.
Insurers collect an additional premium (the so-called CATNAT premium) representing the coverage of natural disasters at a rate set in law and based on the type of insurance, subject to exemptions. Following a change in January 2025 due to increased costs caused by climate change, the premium rate for property damage is now 20%, whilst there are rates of 9% and 0.75% in the case of motor coverage.
Insurers have a choice on what to do with this premium amount. They can choose to retain it themselves, in which case they are responsible for compensating policyholders for damage caused by natural disasters. Alternatively, they may opt to utilise the private reinsurance market. Finally, and most significantly, there is also the option for insurers to reinsure the premium with the state-backed reinsurance body, Caisse Centrale de Réassurance (CCR).
CCR only provides cover in the event of genuine natural disasters, as defined by their exceptional intensity. Floods and earthquakes typically satisfy this, whereas storms and hail do not as the insurance market can cover them as normal. Where CCR does provide compensation, it offers unlimited reinsurance coverage.
The CATNAT premium is subject to premium tax treatment, meaning that it also attracts IPT. Additionally, an additional insurer-borne levy due on property risks is calculated as 12% of the CATNAT premium. These are the contributions to the Major Risk Prevention Fund (or Fonds Barnier), which are included on the IPT return.
Sovos is well placed to assist both in identifying whether a particular policy is within the scope of the CATNAT regime and with the ultimate declaration and settlement of the taxes due on the CATNAT premium.
Hungary’s tax penalty consequences of non-compliance with tax requirements are governed by the Act on Rules of Taxation.
The law outlines a range of sanctions for non-compliance, including tax penalties, default penalties, late payment interest and self-revision fees. This blog will provide an overview of each sanction and summarise recent changes in this area.
In Hungary, there are four types of payable sanctions for not complying with tax rules. While most of these sanctions are imposed by the Tax Authority, the self-revision fee is calculated and settled through self-declaration.
A tax penalty is imposed as a result of an audit when the Tax Authority identifies a tax shortfall during an inspection. The standard rate is 50% of the unpaid tax, but it can increase to 200% in some cases.
A default fine is a sanction that the tax authority may apply in case of a breach or failure to comply with tax obligations specified in legislation regarding taxes and budgetary subsidies. Most default fines are determined as fixed fees rather than a percentage. The law determines the maximum amount of this fine. The Tax Authority has the discretional right to levy it in the maximum amount, decrease it, or void it.
The amount that the Tax Authority can levy depends on the type of non-compliance and the taxpayer’s status, i.e., whether it is an entity or an individual taxpayer. For example, a default penalty can be levied for missed or late submission of a tax return.
LPI is charged when tax liabilities are not paid on time. The interest is calculated daily, and the rate is based on the central bank’s base rate plus five percentage points divided by 365. The Tax Office determines and assesses the amount of LPI.
A Self-Revision Fee (SRF) applies when taxpayers voluntarily amend their tax returns to report a higher amount than initially declared. The SRF is calculated at a rate equivalent to the prime rate. In cases where the same return is revised multiple times, the applicable rate is increased by 50%.
The SRF must be calculated and self-declared simultaneously with the revised tax liability.
The severity of sanctions and applicable settlement rules vary based on the so-called qualification of the taxpayers. Taxpayers are categorised into three groups: Reliable, Neutral and Risky. Reliable taxpayers benefit from more lenient treatment, including reduced default penalties, whereas risky taxpayers are subject to stricter sanctions. For neutral taxpayers, standard penalty levels apply by default.
Recent changes to Hungary’s tax penalty regime include the following.
The Hungarian government doubled certain penalty amounts from 1 August 2024:
Effective from 1 January 2025, there were changes in:
Despite the change in the calculation method, no changes were made regarding the threshold under which LPI is not payable. This amount remained HUF 5,000 annually.
The Hungarian Tax Office issued a notification about the changes in LPI settlement on 11 April 2025 and published the corresponding guidance on its website on 3 February 2025.
For further information about tax compliance in Hungary and beyond, contact Sovos’ team of experts today.
VAT in the Digital Age (ViDA) aims to modernise and simplify the European VAT system.
ViDA was officially adopted by the EU on 11 March 2025. The package took 27 months to be approved and adopted, with the initiative initially being proposed by the European Commission in 2022.
The path to adoption included many versions and consultations, which this blog outlines in a timeline.
Want to understand more about ViDA and how it will impact your business? Read our ViDA guide.
On 25 March 2025, the VAT in the Digital Age (ViDA) package was officially published in the Official Journal of the European Union amending the following legal instruments:
These amending acts will enter into force on 14 April 2025, with different changes taking effect from that date through to 2035.
This means that in 20 days, the first changes will take effect regarding electronic invoicing rules. Under the new framework, EU Member States will have the flexibility to introduce domestic e-invoicing mandates without needing prior approval from the EU.
The VAT in the Digital Age Package (ViDA) has been adopted by the EU on 11 March 2025, 27 months after it was initially proposed by the Commission in late 2022.
The package includes a directive, regulation, and implementing regulation, focusing on three key areas: digitalizing VAT reporting by 2030, requiring online platforms to collect VAT on short-term accommodation and passenger transport services, and expanding the online VAT one-stop-shop to simplify cross-border VAT registration.
The new rules will take effect on the 20th day after publication in the Official Journal of the EU, with Member States required to transpose the directive into national law.
While many rules will come into effect only a few years from now, some will be effective immediately, such as Member States’ right to introduce mandatory domestic electronic invoicing without needing prior authorization from the EU.
The European Parliament has approved the VAT in the Digital Age (ViDA) proposal, bringing it one step closer to official adoption. The proposal will now head to the Council of the EU for final approval, marking a key step in the effort to modernize VAT systems throughout the European Union.
The European Parliament has approved the VAT in the Digital Age (ViDA) proposal, bringing it one step closer to official adoption. The proposal will now head to the Council of the EU for final approval, marking a key step in the effort to modernize VAT systems throughout the European Union.
The long-awaited VAT in the Digital Age (ViDA) proposal has been approved by Member States’ Economic and Finance Ministers. On 5 November 2024, during the Economic and Financial Affairs Council (ECOFIN) meeting, Member States unanimously agreed on adopting the ViDA package. This decision marks a major milestone in modernizing the VAT Directive, setting the stage for a more efficient and digital VAT system across the European Union.
Certain changes will take effect immediately once the package comes into force, while others will roll out in stages over the coming years.
The text will proceed to formal approval by the Parliament, after which it will be ready for official adoption.
The Council of the European Union has released a new proposal regarding the VAT in the Digital Age (ViDA) reform.
The proposal aims to modernise and streamline VAT systems across the EU, notably e-invoicing and Continuous Transaction Controls (CTC). Members States will review it on 5 November at the upcoming ECOFIN meeting. The main change in the new ViDA proposal concerns the dates when measures become effective. Deadlines have been postponed as a result of the setbacks ViDA has faced since its initial draft.
If approved, a series of changes will take place over time – some of which will take effect as soon as the Directive enters into force.
During the latest ECOFIN meeting on 21 June, Member States met to discuss if they could come to an agreement to implement the VAT in the Digital Age (ViDA) proposals. At the ECOFIN meeting in May, Estonia objected to the platform rules being proposed, instead requesting to make the new deemed supplier rules optional (an opt-in), allowing Member States to choose whether to implement them in their national VAT legislation or not.
In the meeting a new compromise text was proposed. The compromise text meant that there would be an opt in for the new deemed supplier rules but for SME businesses. Whilst 26 Member States and the commission came to an agreement on this, Estonia could not support the new compromise due to the fact there was no substantial changes since the last meeting and their objections remained. It will now be up to the Hungarian presidency to seek agreement on the proposals, during the second semester of 2024.
The Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs from the European Parliament has proposed to postpone most aspects of ViDA for at least one year. The committee cites ongoing delays in the legislative process as a reason for the postponement. The recommendation was decided on a nearly unanimous vote; no members voted against the measure.
If the Committee’s proposal is adopted as written, the revised launch dates for ViDA will be as follows:
E-Invoicing and Digital Reporting Requirements: Member States must implement administrative provisions for digital reporting requirements by January 1, 2029. The requirement for Member States to allow electronic invoicing, subject to common standards and without prior authorization from the tax authority, would take effect January 1, 2025.
Deemed Supplier Rules for Platforms: Member States must implement provisions to harmonize treatment of services facilitated by electronic platforms, and to impose deemed supplier rules for goods facilitated by electronic platforms, by January 1, 2026.
Single VAT Registration: Existing rules for VAT treatment of call-off stock would cease to apply as of December 31, 2025 [no change from original proposal]. Changes to Article 194 of the VAT Directive would take effect by January 1, 2026. Member States must implement provisions to expand the scope of non-Union and Union One-Stop Shop schemes by January 1, 2026.
This webinar will deepen your understanding of cross-border transactions within SAP. Whether you’re navigating the complexities of VAT or seeking to enhance SAP’s capabilities, this session will provide you with actionable insights and strategies to optimise your processes.
Join us on 30 April for our next VAT Snapshot webinar where we’ll be taking a look at the latest e-invoicing updates across 10 countries: Greece, France, Belgium, Malaysia, Philippines, Portugal, Angola, Israel, Slovenia and Croatia.
As governments worldwide continue to shift to Continuous Transaction Controls (CTC) systems, such as e-invoicing and real-time e-reporting, another trend organically unfolds as part of this move towards tax digitisation: pre-filled returns.
With access to real-time transactional level data – and other types of data, such as payroll, inventory and other accounting data transmitted at less regular intervals – tax authorities can facilitate other tax obligations with measures like prepopulating returns. This move ensures that the data submitted via CTC systems become the taxpayer’s single source of truth and highlights the importance of data quality.
Countries such as Chile – the cradle of e-invoicing – along with Indonesia, Spain and Portugal, have now been using pre-filled returns for several years. Many other countries have followed suit, with Greece being one of them.
Greece made this significant step in 2022, introducing a new framework for pre-filled VAT returns based on data submitted through the myDATA platform. The measure aims to increase accuracy, transparency, and administrative efficiency for both businesses and tax authorities.
Greece has also made the pre-filing of income tax returns, namely the Statement of Financial Data from Business Activity (Form E3) based on myDATA, available.
As this framework evolved, Greece made another move. The country’s tax authorities set limits to the adjustments taxpayers could make to pre-filled returns, essentially locking the declarations to a certain extent. Since 2025, a zero-deviation limit has been reached for pre-filled VAT returns, while a more flexible cap is currently in place for Form E3. However, this is also expected to be gradually reduced over time.
Pre-filled VAT returns are VAT declarations that are automatically populated using data transmitted to the digital bookkeeping platform, myDATA. Rather than manually entering figures into the VAT return, taxpayers see their returns pre-filled with data based on their invoices and expense records submitted through CTC regimes.
Under this model, the VAT return becomes effectively “locked”. Taxpayers can no longer freely adjust revenue and expense fields. If discrepancies are identified, businesses must correct the data directly within myDATA to ensure the return reflects accurate information.
Ministerial Decision 1020/2024 is the regulation that outlines the rules governing how submitted myDATA data impacts pre-filled VAT returns, sets the limits on allowable deviations and the procedures for handling correlation difficulties.
The regulation introduced two core compliance rules:
The regulation sets temporary thresholds for deviation between declared amounts and those submitted via myDATA to provide transitional relief from the revenue and expense rules. These are called tolerable deviation limits.
The initial rule allowed taxpayers to adjust their income and expenses by up to 30%. However, over time, the limits were gradually reduced. Since January 2025, the threshold has dropped to 0%, which means that there is no possibility of deviating from the amounts locked in the pre-filled return by myDATA under the revenue and expense rules.
One of the most important compliance aspects is the deadline for updating data in myDATA. Corrections must be made before the submission deadline of the VAT return for the relevant period. After that, the return is locked, and any subsequent changes would require the filing of an amended VAT return.
Since the 2023 tax year, Form E3 has been pre-filled based on data submitted to myDATA by taxpayers. However, from the 2024 tax year onwards, taxpayers may only modify these pre-filled amounts within certain limits.
According to new rules introduced in March 2025, a 30% deviation limit is established for revenue and expense data reported in Form E3, per tax year, in relation to the corresponding myDATA-reported values.
In addition to deviation limits, the new rules regulate aspects such as the classification of income and expenses, the mandatory reconciliation of reported data with myDATA records and the procedures for handling discrepancies in pre-filled amounts.
However, following the trend seen with VAT returns, deviation limits for Form E3 are expected to be gradually reduced until it is no longer possible to change the pre-filled amounts under the revenue and expense rules.
The move to pre-filled returns represents a broader shift toward real-time, data-driven compliance in Greece. While the framework introduces new responsibilities for taxpayers, it also simplifies the return process and reduces the risk of human error.
With tolerable margins eliminated for VAT returns – and further tightened for Form E3 – businesses should focus on proactive data management to fully benefit from the efficiencies of the new system.
To remain compliant and avoid discrepancies in their VAT returns, businesses operating in Greece should:
For businesses already familiar with digital reporting under myDATA, the transition should be smooth, but for others, now is the time to prepare.
In a previous blog, we provided an overview of the current and proposed natural disaster-related measurements in some European countries and Australia. In this blog, we will focus on the possible EU-level solution proposed by the European Central Bank (ECB) and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) in their latest discussion paper, issued in December 2024.
The proposal, as was also in the case of their discussion paper from April 2023, focuses on the growing “insurance protection gap” in Europe. It highlights that Europe is the fastest-warming continent in the world. If we look back at only the last six months, there were at least three severe climate-related catastrophes in Europe: Portugal wildfires and the Spanish and the Czech Republic Floods.
Among other significant economic consequences of the increasing frequency and severity of natural catastrophes, we need to highlight the impact of these events on insurance businesses and indirectly on the taxation of the insurance premium amounts.
The paper summarises 12 existing national natural catastrophe insurance schemes which we are going to brief in our blog series – adding the current tax treatment of these schemes. In this blog, we provide an overview of the EU-level solutions as proposed by the paper and a summary of the approaches followed by the EU countries.
A two-pillar solution was included in the referenced document. The two pillars are:
Both of these pillars could potentially affect the amount of tax payable by the insurance companies on the collected premium amounts. The first pillar might indirectly increase the tax amount levied on the reinsured premium amount, such as in the case of France CCR (Caisse Centrale de Réassurance), where IPT (and contributions to the Major Risk Prevention Fund) is due on the CATNAT premium. The second pillar may trigger newly introduced contributions that might be levied on the insurance premium amounts.
The current national schemes aim to broaden insurance coverage. Some countries, like Italy most recently, make certain natural catastrophe risks such as earthquakes, floods and landslides compulsory to be insured by either or both entities or individuals.
In other cases, compulsory reinsurance involving public-private sector coordination exists. The most well-known reinsurance system exists in France, the so-called CCR. However, there is a reinsurance system in Iceland, where insurers collect CATNAT premium amounts and pay them towards NTI (Icelandic Natural Disaster Insurance).
It remains to be seen the extent to which the proposals are acted upon and the impact that they may have on premium taxation regimes in the EU. As it is such a significant topic in insurance currently, Sovos will be keeping a close eye on developments in this area.