Update: 28 March 2023 by Maria del Carmen

Grace Period to Transition to Mexico’s CFDI 4.0 Ends

On Friday 31 March 2023 the grace period granted by Mexico’s Tax Administration Service (SAT) in the Miscellaneous Tax Resolution 2023 (RMF) ends. Taxpayers must transition to version 4.0 of CFDI, Comprobante Fiscal Digital por Internet, the electronic billing schema.

Document formats that will no longer be accepted following the end of the grace period include:

What does this CFDI transition entail?

Authorized CFDI Certification Service Providers (PSCCFDI) must update their integration mechanisms to remain compliant with the new CFDI 4.0. Taxpayers must align their technologies with the changes that their PSCCFDI notifies.

What happens if taxpayers don’t migrate to CFDI 4.0?

The authority has the power to impose fines for non-compliance with the new CFDI tax provisions, when executing verification powers or within are fund application process.

These fines range from $ 19,700.00MXN ($ 1000.00 USD approx.) to $ 112,650.00MXN ($ 5500.00 USD approx). Repeated non-compliance can result in the tax authority preventively closing the taxpayer’s  establishment for a period of three to fifteen days.

Fines of $ 400.00MXN ($ 20.00 USD approx) to $ 600.00MXN ($ 30.00 USD approx) will be issued for tax receipts that don’t include the relevant supplements as outlined in the SAT’s guidelines.

In extreme cases where damage to the federal treasury is proven, this is considered comparable to tax fraud. This would involve when CFDI is used for taxes calculation with non-compliance requirements of Articles 29 and 29-A of the Federal Tax Code.

CFDI V 4.0 guidance

The CFDI Version 4.0 became the only way to invoice, the tax authority has updated the following documents ahead of CFDI v4.0 transition:

Companies will need to be mindful of these changes and how to implement them to ensure ongoing compliance during the transition to CFDI 4.0.

Need to discuss compliance with Mexico’s e-invoicing requirements? Speak to our experts.

 

Update: 1 February 2023 by Maria del Carmen

What is CFDI?

CFDI, which stands for Comprobante Fiscal Digital por Internet, is the electronic billing schema defined by the Mexican federal tax code. It has been mandatory for companies that do business in Mexico since 2011.

CFDI aims to increase visibility into companies’ tax liabilities so the government can ensure it is receiving accurate payments. It has been successful, with audits based on the legislation revealing a 34% increase in VAT collected in a single quarter.

Tax legislation in Mexico requires additional information when companies make certain transactions. Named “complementos” or supplements, the additional information must be attached to the main CFDI.

There are 30 main CFDI ‘complementos’, each with its own essential components and requirements. There is also a validation process and cancellation process to follow and a wide range of penalties for non-compliance.

Read our Mexico e-invoicing guide to learn more and ensure compliance with this complex VAT landscape.

Updates to CFDI for 2023

On 27 December 2022, the Mexican Tax Administration Service (SAT) published the Resolution Miscellanea Fiscal (RMF) 2023. Each annual revision sets outs rules and adjustments for CFDI, a key component of Mexico’s electronic invoicing system.

The RMF entered into force on 1 January 2023.

The transition between CFDI V3.3 and V.4

Among the most important rules is the extension of the grace period for issuing certain documents. Now extended to 31 March 2023, the provision covers the following documents:

Cancellations and corrections of CFDI

The RMF 2023 states cancellations of the CFDI cannot be made later than the month in which the annual declaration of the ISR (tax on income) must be submitted. That’s in April for individuals, and in March for companies.

The resolution also states that corrections to the payroll payment CFDI (CFDI de nómina) can only be made once and no later than 28 February 2023.

Hydrocarbons and petroleum

Taxpayers that carry out volumetric controls of hydrocarbons and petroleum products may continue to issue a daily, weekly, or monthly CFDI for all operations carried out with the public, until 31 December 2023.

Including supplement “Hidrocarburos y Petroliferos” in the CFDI will become mandatory 30 days after the SAT publishes the complement on its website.

Carta Porte Supplement

The RMF states until 31 July 2023 no fines will be imposed and it will not be considered under the crime of smuggling if the Carta Porte supplement does not have all the requirements indicated in the CFDI Filing Guide.

To prove the transport of goods or merchandise, the intermediary or transport agents must now issue the CFDI type income (CFDI tipo ingreso) with the Carta Porte Supplement – instead of the CFDI type Traslado.

Taxpayers involved in the motor transport of dedicated services are subject to additional rules. Those who provide the service to a single client or contractor through the specific assignment of vehicle units may issue the CFDI type income (CFDI ingreso) to cover the entire service provided without the Carta Porte Supplement.

In these instances, the client or contracting party must issue the CFDI of transport (CFDI de transporte). This includes the Carta Porte supplement for each trip, which must be related to the CFDI type income (CFDI ingreso) issued by its carrier.

Additional regulations are established regarding the issuance of CFDIs related to bareboat charter services, for a specific time, per trip, and ferry modality.

Resource Identification Supplement

The RMF includes information about the Resource Identification Supplement and Expense Bill of Third Parties provision, this will become mandatory 30 days after the tax authority publishes it on its website.

For further questions don’t hesitate and get in touch with our experts today.

TRENDS AND UPDATES ON VAT COMPLIANCE

Trends 13th Edition 2022

TRENDS AND UPDATES ON VAT COMPLIANCE

Trends 13th Edition 2022

Welcome to the 13th edition of Sovos’ annual Trends report where we put a spotlight on current and near-term legal requirements across regions and VAT compliance domains.

This report provides a comprehensive look at the regulatory landscape as governments across the globe are enacting complex new policies to enforce VAT mandates. It examines the demanding and unprecedented insight now required into your economic data so that regulatory authorities enforce standards and close revenue gaps.

This year’s report examines the evolution of law and practice around the four emerging megatrends that Sovos experts identified in the 12th edition. These trends, many of which revolve around tax compliance and controls being ‘always on’, have the potential to drive change in the way organizations approach regulatory reporting and manage compliance.

Authored by a team of international tax compliance experts, we provide extensive recommendations on how companies can prepare for and thrive through these changes.

Get the report

 The four mega-trends that we examine are:

  1. Continuous Transaction Controls (CTCs) – Countries with existing CTC regimes are seeing improvements in revenue collection and economic transparency. Now, other countries in Europe, Asia and Africa are moving away from post-audit regulation to adoption of these CTC-inspired approaches. The report highlights how countries like France and Hungary have accelerated their transition to CTCs, and how many jurisdictions are combining invoice controls with CTC transport documents, thereby expanding their real-time reach from financial to physical supply chains.
  2. A shift toward destination taxability for certain cross-border transactions – Cross-border services have historically often escaped VAT collection in the country of the consumer. Due to a large increase of cross-border trade in low-value goods and digital services over the past decade, administrations are taking significant measures to tax such supplies in the country of consumption or destination.
  3. Aggregator liability – With the increase of tax reporting or e-invoicing obligations across different taxpayer categories, tax administrations are increasingly looking for ways to concentrate tax reporting liability in platforms that naturally aggregate large numbers of transactions already. Ecommerce marketplaces and business transaction management cloud vendors will increasingly be on the hook for sending data from companies on their networks to the government, potentially even inheriting liability for paying their taxes. The report notes how the July 2021 introduction of sweeping changes in e-commerce VAT legislation via OSS and IOSS are confirming this trend.
  4. E-accounting and e-assessment – Combining CTCs with obligations to synchronize entire accounting ledgers makes onsite audit necessary only in cases showing major anomalies across these rich data sources. Over time, the objective is for VAT returns and other tax reports to be prefilled by the tax administration based on taxpayers’ own, strongly authenticated source system data. A brief deep-dive into the origins and potential future of SAF‑T shows how this trend is evolving to become a solid companion to CTCs globally.

CTCs have emerged as the primary concern for multinational companies looking to ensure compliance despite growing diversity in VAT enforcement approaches. Tax authorities are steadfast in their commitment to closing the VAT gap and will use all tools at their disposal to collect revenue owed. This holds especially true in the aftermath of COVID-19, when governments are expected to face unprecedented budget shortfalls.

The potential costs and risks associated with the trends highlighted in the report cannot be effectively mitigated with a reactive or opportunistic approach. The digital transformation of tax administration can – if approached as just an evolution of the legacy ‘post audit’ VAT world – significantly contract the digital transformation of businesses. This report suggests an analysis framework that companies can use to ensure ongoing VAT compliance whilst maximizing the opportunities of modern information and communication technologies for their own benefit.

In addition, Trends includes a major review of the country and regional requirement profiles. These profiles provide a snapshot of current and near-term planned legal requirements across the different VAT compliance domains.

Gabriel Romero serves as Sovos’ country manager for Mexico where he oversees all aspects of the company’s operations. Gabriel is a high-visibility leader that believes in the importance of building long-term relationships with customers. His philosophy is to focus on the entire customer experience, from the first point of contact to solution delivery and post selling support.

During his tenure, Gabriel has helped to position SOVOS as a top tax and electronic signature solution in Mexico. This was achieved by aligning technical, back office and customer contact teams inside SOVOS toward a common goal.

The basis of Gabriel’s growth regional strategy has been centered on consultive sales, which help to better inform the company about customer needs and provide solutions and services that are aligned with market needs.

Away from the office Gabriel likes to provide balance in his life with long hikes, regular exercise and meditation and yoga. He is at his happiest spending quality time with his family and friends in Mexico City.

For more, see Gabriel’s LinkedIn profile.

In the “Statement on a Two-Pillar Solution to Address the Tax Challenges Arising From the Digitalization of the Economy” issued on 1 July 2021, members of the G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (“BEPS”) have agreed upon a framework to move forward with a global tax reform deal.

This will address the tax challenges of an increasingly digital worldwide economy. As of 9 July 2021, 132 of the 139 OECD/G20 member jurisdictions have agreed to the Inclusive Framework on BEPS.

Pillar Details

Pillar 1

Pillar 1 gives a new taxing right, Amount A, to market countries to ensure companies pay tax on a portion of residual profits earned from activities in those jurisdictions, regardless of physical presence. Pillar 1 will apply to multinational enterprises (“MNEs”) with global turnover above 20 billion euros and profitability above 10%.

There will be a new nexus rule permitting allocation of Amount A to a market jurisdiction when the in-scope multinational enterprise derives at least 1 million euros in revenue from that jurisdiction. For jurisdictions with a GDP less than 40 billion euros, the nexus will instead be set at 250,000 euros.

The “special purpose nexus rule” determines if a jurisdiction qualifies for the Amount A allocation. Furthermore, countries have agreed on an allocation of 20-30% of in-scope MNE residual profits to market jurisdictions, with nexus using a revenue-based allocation key.

Revenue will be sourced to the end market jurisdictions where goods or services are consumed, with detailed source rules still to come.

More details on segmentation are still in the works, as is the final design of a marketing and distribution profits safe harbour that will cap the residual profits allowed to the market jurisdiction through Amount A.

Lastly, countries have agreed to streamline and simplify Amount B with a particular focus on the needs of low-capacity countries. The finalised details are expected to be completed by the end of 2022.

Pillar 2

Pillar 2 consists of Global anti-Base Erosion (“GloBE”) Rules that will ensure MNEs that meet the 750 million euros threshold pay a minimum tax rate of at least 15%. The GloBE Rules consist of an Income Inclusion Rule and an Undertaxed Payment Rule, the latter of which still needs to be finalised.

Pillar 2 also includes a Subject to tax rule, which is a treaty-based rule, allowing source jurisdictions to impose limited source taxation on certain related party payments subject to tax below a minimum rate. The rate will range from 7.5 to 9 percent.

When Will the Plan be Implemented?

There is currently a commitment to continue discussion, in order to finalise the design elements of the plan within the agreed framework by October 2021. Inclusive Framework members will agree and release an implementation plan.

The current timeline is that the multilateral instrument through which Amount A is implemented will be developed and opened for signature in 2022, with Amount A coming into effect in 2021. Similarly, Pillar Two should be brought into law in 2022, to be effective in 2023.

More Details to Come

Although the key components of the Two-Pillar Solution have been agreed upon, a detailed implementation plan that includes resolving remaining issues is still to come.

As many countries could be implementing these changes in the near future, it is important for businesses active in the digital economy to carefully track and understand the developments surrounding the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project.

Take Action

Need to ensure compliance with the latest e-document regulations? Get in touch with our tax experts.

Download VAT Trends: Toward Continuous Transaction Controls to discover more about how tax systems around the world are evolving.

Update: 25 October 2023 by Maria del Carmen

Mexico releases Carta Porte Version 3.0

On 25 September 2023, the Tax Authority in Mexico (SAT) published Version 3.0 of the Carta Porte Supplement on its portal with some adjustments.

The use of Version 2.0 of the Carta Porte became mandatory as of 1 January 2022 in accordance with the Fourth Resolution of modifications to the Miscellaneous Tax Resolution of 2021.

However, the authority established 1 January to 31 December 2023 as a grace period to correctly issue said supplement, without sanctions or fines for non-compliance with any requirement.

Main changes of Carta Porte V3.0

One of the adjustments announced is the introduction of seven catalogues:

There was also the introduction of fields for foreign trade operations, such as:

The Customs Document replaces the Pedimento Section with the addition of fields to identify the type, Tax ID of the Importer and ID custom document.

Through the anticipated version of the 8th RMRMF, the SAT has modified Rule 2.7.1.7 relating to the requirements of the printed representations of the CFDI, indicating that in the case of the CFDI to which the Carta Porte is incorporated, the structure of the supplement allows the printed representation of the CFDI and the Carta Porte to be displayed separately.

Likewise, Rules 2.7.7.1.1. and 2.7.7.1.2 for the CFDI of the income type and the transfer type to which the Carta Porte is incorporated, respectively, will serve to prove the legal stay and/or possession of the goods and merchandise of foreign origin during their transfer in national territory, providing the number of the customs request or custom document in said receipt in terms of the applicable customs provisions.

Transition and mandatory terms for Carta Porte 3.0

  1. Carta Porte Version 3.0, published on 25 September 2023 on the SAT Portal, must be used as of November 25, 2023
  2. Taxpayers obliged to issue CFDIs to which the Bill of Lading complement is incorporated, may continue to issue the complement in Version 2.0, until 31 December 2023.
  3. From 1 January 2024, the only valid version of the Bill of Lading supplement will be 3.0

Printed representation

The printed representation introduces a new two-dimensional barcode that will accompany the printed representation of the Carta Porte.

Technical documentation about the latest changes to Carta Porte is available at:

·       Estándar de Carta Porte (pdf)
·       Esquema de Carta Porte (xsd)
·       Secuencia de cadena original Carta Porte (xslt)
·       Matriz de errores (xls)
·       Esquema de los catálogos (xsd)

It is important to note that the authority has not yet updated Filling Guide of said complement, so we must be attentive to these regulations.

Want to learn about other tax requirements in Mexico? Read our Mexico tax rules.

For historical information on the initiative, read our dedicated Carta Porte 2.0 blog.

 

Key information about the Carta Porte Supplement

Update: 31 July 2023 by Maria del Carmen

Updates to the Scope and Definitions of the Carta Porte Supplement

Mexico’s Carta Porte supplement was introduced in May 2021 to ensure the traceability of products moved within the country. Use of the supplement became mandatory on 1 January 2022 but there have been many changes and additions to its requirements.

Taxpayers in scope of the Carta Porte

Section 2.7.7 of the Miscellaneous Tax Resolution (RMF) 2023 regulates the Carta Porte Supplement which specifies that the following must issue a CFDI of Income to which they must incorporate the Carta Porte supplement:

Owners of goods transporting its own assets via its own transport methods in national territory, including the use of towing cranes and vehicles for the transport of funds and values, can provide proof of transport through the printed or digital representation of the CFDI of Transfer issued by themselves, to which they must incorporate the Carta Porte supplement.

Transport of imported goods

For those within the scope mentioned above, the RMF indicates that the carrier must prove the legal stay and/or possession of foreign goods and merchandise during their transport in national territory. This can be done using the CFDI of Income or Transfer as appropriate, to which the Carta Porte supplement is incorporated if the CFDI contains the import request number.

Types of transport in scope of the Carta Porte

The current RMF includes a specific section for Maritime Transport and Motor Transport, which also establishes the rules for exported goods.

It also establishes specific rules for:

Exceptions to the Carta Porte obligation

The exceptions are applicable to:

These taxpayers must prove transport with the printed or digital representation of either the CFDI of Income or Transfer as appropriate without Carta Porte. The CFDI must include the product and service key according to the CFDI Filling Instructions to which the Carta Porte supplement is incorporated. Transport of medicines is not included in this exception, among others.

There is also an exception for the provision of parcel or courier services and consolidated transport of goods, following the corresponding rules.

Looking for a helping hand with VAT compliance in Mexico? Contact our team of experts.

 

Update: 15 June 2021 by Ramón Frias

Understanding Mexico’s Carta Porte Supplement

On 1 May 2021, the Mexican tax administration (SAT) released one of the most important updates to the electronic invoicing system of the country since 2017.

The update was about the new Bill of Lading Supplement (locally known as Suplemento de Carta Porte) that should be added as an annex to the electronic invoice (CFDI) of Transfer (CFDI de Traslado) or to the CFDI of Revenues (CFDI de Ingresos) that are issued for hauling services.

This supplement is based on the provisions of Articles 29 and 29-A of the Fiscal Code of Mexico, and the rule 2.7.1.9 of the Miscellaneous Fiscal Resolution. The articles of the tax code grant the tax administration the power to define the documents to be used for supporting the legal transportation goods inside that country via specific rules. The mentioned rule describes the specific requirements of the Supplement of Carta Porte.

Why has Mexico introduced the Carta Porte supplement?

Latin American countries have a serious problem with tax evasion, usually made possible by smuggling goods without paying the corresponding taxes. According to the information provided by the SAT, 60% of the goods transported in Mexico have an illegal origin.

Therefore, the purpose of enforcing the use of the Carta Porte supplement, whether as an annex to the CFDI of Transfers or the CFDI of Revenues, is to ensure the traceability of the products moved inside the Mexican territory by requiring the provision of additional information about the origin, location, precise destination and routes of transport of the products transferred by roads, rail, water or air in Mexico.

Once this change comes into effect, transporters of goods by road, rail, water or air must have a copy of the Supplement of Carta Porte in the vehicle that proves lawful compliance with this mandate.

Who is required to issue the Carta Porte supplement?

When will the supplement become mandatory and when should it be issued?

The Carta Porte as a supplement of the CFDI of Transfers or the CFDI of Revenues

As we know, the new regulations require the Carta Porte supplement to be added to the CFDI of Transfers or to the CFDI of Revenues, depending on who is transporting the goods.

The Carta Porte supplement will be added to the CFDI of Transfers when the transport of goods is made by the owner (i.e. internal distributions between warehouses and stores, consignment, etc.) or when the seller assumes the shipment of the products to the purchaser.

The Carta Porte supplement will also be added to CFDI of Transfers when the shipping of the goods is made by an intermediary or by an agent of transport as explained before. In such cases the current regulations provide that the CFDI should have zero as a value of the products and the RFC key to be used is the generic key established for transactions carried out with the public. In the field for description, the object of the transfer should be specified.

When the Carta Porte supplement is issued as part of the CFDI of Revenues (CFDI de Ingresos) as a result of the goods being transported by a haulage company, the haulage company should issue the CFDI of Revenues with the Carta Porte supplement. However, different to the previous case where the CFDI had a value of zero, the value to be included in the CFDI of Revenues will be the price of transportation services charged by the haulage company to the client.

It is important to mention that Carta Porte supplement does not substitute other documents necessary to prove the legitimate origin or ownership of products. Other additional documents will be required for this purpose.

Documents accompanying the Carta Porte supplement

While the Carta Porte supplement provides clear information about the transportation of goods being transferred, that document alone does not prove the lawful status of the goods being hauled. That status should be proven by whoever is providing the transportation, with the corresponding documents proving the origin of those hauled products, such as import documents, CFDI of Pagos, registrations and licenses etc.

In the case of transportation of petroleum products, the lawful status of the product will be proven with the printed representation of the supplement established for that type of products (the Complemento de Hidrocarburos y Petroliferos).

Structure of the Carta Porte supplement

According to the technical documentation released by the SAT, the information provided via the Carta Porte supplement will be conveyed via a number of fields (around 215) that will contain optional and mandatory information about the product being transported, type of packaging used, weight, quantity, insurance, the permit of transportation provided to the hauling company by the Secretary of Public transportation, plate and registration of the motor vehicle used, driver, as well as information about the recipient of the products being transported within Mexico.

The information of those fields will be filled via direct input by the taxpayers or in some cases via the specific choices available in a set of catalogs established by the SAT.

Such catalogs can be grouped as follows:

Other catalogs included in this supplement are those related to the type of transport and trailers used to transfer the products by land, packaging, the types of permits, the municipalities, neighborhoods, and locations, among others.

Penalties and sanctions

Once the use of the Carta Porte supplement becomes mandatory, noncompliance with this requirement will have several immediate consequences for the violators.

Additional clarifications about the scope of the Carta Porte supplement:

When the SAT released the new Miscellaneous Fiscal Resolution for 2021 there were several doubts about the scope of this mandate. This was because for the case of land transportation, the rule established that the use of the supplement would be required only when the goods were transported via federal roads. That original release of the Miscellaneous Fiscal Resolution also established compliance with this mandate would be required to owners of national goods that are part of their assets when they haul those assets in Mexico.

To remove those misunderstandings and limitations, the SAT has recently released a new modification specifying that the mandate will be required for all movement of goods, regardless of the road used. The new resolution also excluded the reference to “national goods that are part of their assets”, so that it is clear now that it applies to any goods being transferred, regardless of its origin.

Take Action

Contact us to discuss your LATAM VAT compliance needs.

Brown Forman embraces changing e-invoicing regulations with Sovos

case study

Brown Forman

The Sovos e-invoicing compliance solution allowed Brown-Forman to ease the burden of compliance from its IT team.

Summary

Business Challenges

  • Growth strategy hindered by complex regulations

  • Real-time processes and responses required by mandates impacting business operations

  • Limited IT resources to monitor and implement requirements

Solution

Brown Forman selected Sovos’ Business to Government regional reporting platform for:

  • Brazil Nota Fiscal
  • Mexico CFDI
  • Mexico eContabilidad

Benefits

  • Seamless integration with SA

  • Constant monitoring and support has resulted in zero business disruptions

  • Ability to redeploy resources to core business functions

  • Need for ongoing SAP upgrades and IT burdens eliminated

The Company

Brown-Forman is one of the ten largest spirits companies in the world, distributing products in more than 160 countries. Based in Louisville, Kentucky with offices across the globe, Brown-Forman manufactures iconic brands such as Jack Daniels, Southern Comfort and Woodford Reserve.

The Challenge

International expansion has been integral to Brown-Forman’s success, but this growth strategy placed a great demand on its IT team. The company’s SAP systems needed to comply with the constantly changing financial legislation around the world, and e-invoicing mandates threatened to exceed the Brown-Forman IT team’s bandwidth. This was especially a concern in Brazil and Mexico, where the company operates nine facilities and regulations change frequently.

Demanding real-time processes and responses, any e-invoicing oversight in these countries would affect both the finance and supply chain teams, and could significantly impact business operations. 

The Solution

With limited in-house IT resources to monitor and implement each country’s fiscal requirements, Brown-Forman needed a solution that would help it adapt to the ever-changing Latin American landscape and also integrate into its single global instance of SAP ERP.

Given the extensive scope of its operations in Latin America, Brown-Forman realised that it needed a specific subject matter expert. In addition, the company required a predictable cost structure during its heavy expansion.

“Because Sovos provides the network upgrades as well as the SAP ERP configurations, we have been able to work with one vendor across multiple countries and confidently manage the changes to Brazil’s Nota Fiscal and Mexico CFDI’s legislation.”

Randy Isdahl

Director, SAP Process Architecture at Brown-Forman

The Benefits

Sovos provides Brown-Forman with constant monitoring and support, ensuring no compliance-related business disruptions. Plus, the Sovos solution seamlessly integrated within Brown-Forman’s existing systems, allowing the company to manage multi-country compliance directly within its internal SAP system.

The Results

With Sovos e-invoicing compliance in place, Brown-Forman was able to redeploy resources to core business functions, including account receivables and account payables, and focus on supply chain and logistics enhancements. In addition, the partnership has eliminated the ongoing SAP upgrades and IT burdens caused by the constantly changing e-invoicing regulations.

Why Sovos?

Brown-Forman selected the Sovos eInvoice and eAccounting regional solutions to simplify its compliance efforts in Brazil and Mexico. The company sought a solution that could help it cut down on human resource capital and technology investments, and Sovos’ SaaS platform allowed it to accomplish that goal.

Overview

The main indirect tax of Mexico is the Value Added Tax (locally known as IVA), which generally applies to all imports, supplies of goods, and the provision of services by a taxable person unless specifically exempted by a particular law. The tax is imposed by the federal government of Mexico and ordinarily applies on each level of the commercialisation chain. This tax has been applied in Mexico since 1980.

Click here to read “Why the New Process for Cancelling E-Invoices in Mexico Matters

Tax Rate

Mexico applies a single standard rate of 16% across the country. However, there is also a 0% rate applicable to exports and the local supply of certain goods and services. Sales of ice, fresh water, machinery and raw materials for manufacturers, books, newspapers, magazines by their editors, medicines, as well as the supply of services to eligible manufacturers, are subject to the 0% rate.

It is worth mentioning that until December 2013, Mexico applied a reduced rate of 11% in Mexican Border states of Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Quintana Roo, the municipalities of Caborca and Cananea, and in the bordering regions of the Colorado River in the state of Sonora. This was an effort largely to attract businesses to these areas and because the sales tax in the U.S. border states was half of the IVA in Mexico. These regions were commonly referred as the “maquiladora zones.”

That 11% reduced rate was revoked starting January 1, 2014, and substituted with a broader regime of incentives aimed at the manufacturing companies located in that region.

Taxable Base and Exemptions

As mentioned before, the Mexican IVA applies to all goods and services unless specifically exempted by the law. There is a wide variety of goods and services exempt from the tax, including:

Credit-Debit Mechanism

The Mexican IVA doesn’t differ much from IVA in other countries in that it allows the taxpayer to deduct the IVA that has been paid to the taxpayer’s suppliers or IVA that the taxpayer has paid himself at the time of importing goods that were subject to the tax. In addition to the IVA paid on imports and local purchases, the taxpayer also has the right to credit the IVA withheld by clients that are required to apply the reverse charge system that we are going to examine later.

In those instances where the taxpayer cannot use all the credit that has been accumulated on its purchases, the remaining amount can be carried over to later periods or eventually even to request a reimbursement from the government.

Taxable Event and Periodic Payment

One of the unique characteristics of the Mexican IVA is that when determining the taxable event, the law requires the taxpayer to use the cash accounting method rather than the accrual accounting method. What this basically means is that IVA on a sale is considered due when the seller is effectively paid, rather than when the invoice has been issued, the service provided or the good has been supplied. If the seller does not get paid, no tax liability exists either.

In general, the Mexican IVA should be paid on a monthly basis, no later than the 17th day of the month after the taxable event occurred.

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Take Action

Learn how other mandates in Latin America affect your business and how you can overcome challenges by downloading the Definitive Guide to Latin American Compliance.

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