In Austria, the insurance premium tax law regulates the indirect tax that applies to elements of coverage under a motor insurance policy. This blog details everything you need to know about this particular indirect tax in the country.
Which taxes are payable concerning motor insurance policies in Austria?
In Austria, Vehicle Insurance Tax (VIT), or the so-called motor-related insurance tax, is payable in relation to:
Motorcycles (classes L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e and L5e)
Passenger cars (class M1) under 3.5 tons of total gross weight
All other types of motor vehicles (e.g. light commercial vehicles of class N1) under 3.5 tons of total gross weight, though some exclusions apply (tractors, for example)
VIT is payable in addition to the 11% insurance premium tax (IPT).
How is VIT calculated for motor insurance policies in Austria?
The calculation of VIT is complex. The tax is determined by the type of vehicle, the engine capacity/displacement and CO2 emissions for motorbikes, the performance of the combustion engine and the emission in grams per kilometer for passenger automobiles and the power of the combustion engine for all other engine types.
The date of registration is another item to consider when calculating the amount of VIT. The computation for automobiles registered before 1 October 2020 is different, however.
The following rates are effective for passenger cars registered after 1 October 2020 are as follows:
EUR 0.72 per Kwatt of the power combustion engine
EUR 0.72 per gram of the value of CO2 emissions in grams per kilometre
In 2020, the first component, power, was lowered by 65 Kwatt, while the second component, emission, was reduced by 115 grams per kilometre. Since 2021, the deduction has been lowered annually. Every year, the first component is reduced by one and the second by three. As a result, in 2024, the deductions are 61 Kwatt and 103 grams per kilometre.
To complicate this further, the aforementioned calculation only applies to M1 passenger cars whose CO2 emissions were established using the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle) test method. If this process is not followed, the calculation will be different.
Special rates apply to motorhomes, motorcyclists and other multi-track motor vehicles.
The computed amount is due monthly. Prior to 2020, the regularity of the payment was another aspect to consider in the computation.
What vehicles are exempt from tax in Austria?
First and foremost, VIT is required on motor vehicles weighing up to 3.5 tonnes. If the vehicle’s weight exceeds this limit, another type of tax – motor vehicle tax – is due.
Electronic invoicing is mandatory for B2G supplies and optional for B2B and B2C supplies.
However, the Greek authorities want to implement a nationwide B2B e-invoicing mandate as part of the e-invoicing reform. The reform started in 2020 with the roll-out of the country’s e-audit scheme called myDATA.
E-invoicing requirements across B2G, B2B and B2C transactions vary, making it a demanding task to stay on top of compliance with the country’s e-invoicing regulations. This page details the current status quo and will be updated as changes are enforced – be sure to bookmark it and revisit it to stay compliant.
E-invoicing through an accredited e-invoicing service provider
Network
PEPPOL
Format of e-invoice
EN-compliant, PEPPOL BIS 3.0 (Greek CIUS)
eSignature Requirement
N/A
Archiving Requirement
5 years
Greece B2B e-invoicing
E-invoicing/CTC Type
Post-audit/Voluntary CTC e-invoicing (via an accredited e-invoicing service provider)
Network
Exchange not regulated (unless CTC e-invoicing is used)
Format of e-invoice
E-invoice format not regulated (EN-compliant, if CTC e-invoicing is used)
eSignature Requirement
N/A
Archiving Requirement
5 years
Greece B2C e-invoicing
Greece does not have a mandate for e-invoicing as far as B2C transactions are concerned. Fiscal devices currently used for issuing compliant invoices for B2C sales must follow new technical requirements for the connection and real-time reporting of B2C sales data to the myDATA platform (new generation online tax mechanisms).
E-Invoicing regulations in Greece
In Greece, there are several regulations relating to electronic invoicing. The regulations include:
The transposition of Directive 2014/55/EU mandates the government sector to receive electronic invoices.
Joint Ministerial Decision No. 52445 ΕΞ/2023, mandating the use of e-invoices for all sales made to the government.
Joint Ministerial Decision no. 63446/2021 (as amended by Joint Ministerial Decision no. 31781ΕΞ2022/2022), specifies the e-invoice format for B2G transactions which is compliant with the European standard (EN 16931).
The Ministerial Decision No. 1017/2020 specifies the e-invoice format for B2B transactions in the nation.
The Ministerial Decision No. A.1035/2020 dictates rules and regulations for accredited e-invoicing service providers.
Timeline: B2G e-invoicing adoption in Greece
The tax authority is rolling out the B2G e-invoicing mandate in phases. The mandate covers most public contracts, from defence to general supplies and services. The gradual implementation is ongoing, covering:
As of 12 September 2023, suppliers to some major government agencies (e.g. Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Digital Transformation, Ministry of Migration and Asylum, etc.).
As of 1 January 2024, suppliers to all central government agencies.
From 1 June 2024, suppliers to all other government authorities.
From 1 January 2025, other government expenses must be invoiced electronically (outside the scope of public procurement contracts).
Format of an e-invoice in Greece
Governments implement electronic invoices to simplify and standardise the transmission of data in transactions, and Greece is no different. The e-invoice format in B2G transactions is based on the European standard for e-invoicing (EN 16931) and PEPPOL BIS Billing 3.0.
The format of a B2B e-invoice in Greece is not regulated and largely falls in line with the obligations of the EU VAT Directive. Invoices must include information such as:
Issuance date
Date of supply
Supplier’s VAT number
Names and addresses of both supplier and customer
Full description and quantities of goods
Net taxable value
VAT rate and amount
CTC e-invoicing via an accredited e-invoicing service provider is voluntary. While Greece has yet to implement a nationwide B2B mandate, it has a set standard and format for taxpayers who issue e-invoices voluntarily. The e-invoice must be in a structured format compliant with the European standard.
Process of B2G e-invoicing in Greece
If you do business with a public sector entity in Greece, you must issue invoices electronically. Doing so requires you to follow a set process:
Prepare the e-invoice data and send it to the accredited e-invoicing service provider.
The e-invoicing service provider validates the invoice data before submitting it, using the respective services of the National Interoperability Center (KED), which is responsible for receiving all e-invoices by suppliers through the PEPPOL network.
The e-invoicing service provider reports certain invoice data in a structured format and according to specific technical specifications to the myDATA platform for clearance and receives back a unique registration number (MARK).
The e-invoicing service provider prepares the e-invoice based on the European standard, according to the Joint Ministerial Decision no. 63446/2021 (as amended by Joint Ministerial Decision no. 31781ΕΞ2022/2022).
The e-invoicing service provider submits the e-invoice to the Access Point of the National Interoperability Center through the PEPPOL network.
The National Interoperability Center receives and validates the e-invoice according to the European standard and national rules for e-invoicing.
The National Interoperability Center routes the e-invoice to the competent contracting authority.
The competent contracting authority handles the e-invoice according to their internal procurement and payment process.
Upon receipt of the e-invoice, the contracting authority sends a response message regarding the status of the e-invoice back to the supplier through the National Interoperability Centre and his e-invoicing service provider.
Benefits of using e-invoicing in Greece
Greece provides incentives for using CTC e-invoicing through accredited service providers, as per Law 4701/2020, for the 2020-2024 tax years.
These incentives include a reduction of the statute of limitation for fiscal matters by two years and a depreciation of twice the cost incurred for acquiring technical equipment and software required to implement electronic invoicing.
Implementing e-invoicing can also be beneficial by automating and standardising your processes, reducing the chance of clerical errors and freeing up resources.
Future of e-invoicing in Greece
While the future of e-invoicing in Greece is not set in stone, the end goal seems clear.
With Greece engaging in a dialogue with the European Commission over a nationwide e-invoicing mandate, there is a chance that electronic invoicing will become mandatory for B2B transactions.
Many European countries are looking to digitize their tax systems to increase transparency for tax authorities and reduce the VAT gap – Greece appears to be moving in this same direction.
Additional obligations for VAT compliance in Greece
Electronic invoicing and myDATA are important obligations for taxpayers in Greece to be aware of, but there are more compliance needs that many need to meet.
Consider the evolving nature of tax regulations. The number of obligations and the chance of change make meeting your obligations an ongoing, demanding task.
It’s vital that you are aware of what applies to your organisation, and how to stay on top of your requirements. Find out more about Greece VAT compliance through our dedicated overview, and bookmark the page to stay updated on any regulatory updates.
Electronic invoicing is mandatory for B2G supplies, as of September 2023, and optional for B2B and B2C supplies. However, invoice data for B2B, B2G and B2C supplies and other accounting data must be reported to the myDATA platform.
Since 2021, companies established in Greece have been required to electronically report accounting data through the myDATA system. The implementation timeline of the myDATA mandate is ongoing.
Greece’s myDATA is a reporting obligation of ledger-type data, and it is not to be confused with e-invoicing as it doesn’t require invoices to be issued and exchanged in electronic form.
Greece mandates e-invoices in B2G transactions and allows for invoices in B2B/B2C transactions to be issued and exchanged on paper or electronically, following the standard e-invoicing rules of the EU VAT Directive or the voluntary CTC e-invoicing scheme.
How Sovos can help
Sovos’ Compliance Cloud is a complete platform for tax compliance and regulatory reporting. The platform provides one place to identify, determine and report on global tax obligations, including those in Greece.
Get in touch with us
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E-invoicing: An Overview
Turkey was an early adopter of electronic invoicing when considering the global landscape of tax digitization. As part of its larger e-Transformation initiative, the country mandated e-invoicing in 2014.
Understanding the complexities of Turkey e-invoicing and its other electronic systems can be challenging, however, and that’s why this page exists. Be sure to avoid penalties for non-compliance by exploring this mandate overview – and bookmark the page to ensure you are always on top of any regulatory changes.
Want to speak to a tax expert? Get in touch with our compliance team.
Fiscal stamp or qualified electronic signature required
Archiving Requirement
10 years
Turkey B2G e-invoicing
CTC Type
E-invoice clearance with two-way application
Network
GIB portal
Format
UBL-TR 1.2
eSignature Requirement
Fiscal stamp or qualified electronic signature required
Archiving Requirement
10 years
Who needs e-invoicing in Turkey?
The scope that mandates e-invoicing usage in Turkey has evolved over time. Considering the cost of non-compliance, it is important to know if you fall under the requirements of the regulation.
Companies with turnovers exceeding TRY 3 million are required to use electronic invoices, though there are also sector-based parameters for the mandate that ignore the turnover threshold. This turnover exception includes:
Companies licensed by the Turkish Energy Market Regulatory Authority
Middlemen or merchants that trade fruits or vegetables
Online service providers that facilitate online trade
Importers and dealers
How to issue an e-invoice?
Before getting started with issuing and receiving electronic invoices in Turkey, taxpayers are required to register on the tax authority’s GIB portal. They need their Vergi Kimlik Numarasi – a 10-digit tax identification number – for a successful registration.
Once registered, taxpayers have a few options for issuing electronic invoices. They can either use the GIB portal, integrate the portal with their own internal applications or use a vendor like Sovos (which has its own Turkey e-invoice solution).
What are the benefits of e-invoicing in Turkey?
Besides the fact that e-invoicing is mandatory for many businesses and all public administrations in Turkey, there are several benefits of invoicing electronically.
Cost-saving: Reducing paper, postage and manual labour saves money
Time-saving: Using structured, automated electronic systems and processes saves time
Compatibility: The universal format of e-invoices and systems increases interoperability
Security: The automation, validation and authentication of e-invoices maintain integrity
Legal requirements for an e-invoice in Turkey
The e-invoice mandate in Turkey requires taxpayers to include specific information on electronic invoices. These requirements include:
Invoice date
Invoice reference number
Description and specification of goods and services delivered
Total net amount and gross amount for the order
Supplier details (name, address, tax ID, etc)
E-invoices are required to be secured with an eSignature. Individuals must use a Qualified Electronic Signature (QES), a more secure version of an electronic signature.
From September 2023, it will also be mandatory to include a QR code on electronic invoices (as well as other electronic document types).
E-invoicing software
E-invoicing software allows you to create and send electronic invoices online. Solutions need to meet the specifications set forth by the Turkish Revenue Authority, either integrating into your existing system or serving as a cloud platform.
Sovos’ e-invoice compliance solution allows customers to meet their compliance requirements, both in Turkey and globally. If you are part of an international organisation, our platform allows you to stay compliant wherever you do business.
The future of e-invoicing
Turkey is well ahead of most when it comes to the digitization of its tax system. This includes utilising electronic invoices, with the country mandating the use of e-invoices for specific companies on 1 April 2014. Find out more about Turkey’s e-Transformation.
That said, tax digitization is still developing globally. In the EU, the VAT in the Digital Age initiative aims to digitize tax across the region. If passed, this proposal could produce major changes to how businesses operate across the European Union – including using e-invoices and digital reporting.
The rapid yet fragmented digitization of tax worldwide only increases the importance of working with a global compliance partner like Sovos. It’s vital to take a long-term view when dealing with compliance.
Additional obligations for VAT compliance in Turkey
Turkey has a vast digital tax system comprised of many electronic systems and documents. It stepped up its tax system in 2012 with its e-Transformation initiative and produced a host of potential compliance requirements for taxpayers.
As well as e-invoicing, there are other related requirements organisations must be aware of. These include:
Turkey e-invoicing is a mandate that requires certain taxpayers to issue and receive invoices electronically. According to the TRA’s regulations, taxpayers with annual revenue of over 3 million TL must register in the e-invoicing system.
Within the scope of the communiqué published by the Revenue Administration; as of July 1, 2022
Taxpayers with a turnover of 5 million TL for the 2018, 2019 and 2020 accounting periods, 4 million TL for the 2021 accounting period and 3 million TL or more for the 2022 and subsequent accounting periods,
Service providers who have a gross sales revenue of 1 Million TL for 2020 or 2021 account periods, 500 thousand TL or more for 2022 and subsequent account periods;
Service providers who provide electronic commerce environment for the execution of commercial activities on the internet to mediate the purchase, sale, rental or distribution of goods or services,
Owners or operators of websites that publish advertisements related to the sale or rental of real estate, motor vehicle vehicles belonging to real and legal persons on the internet, and internet advertising service agents who are engaged in mediating the publication of advertisements on the internet,
Those who have a gross sales revenue of 1 Million TL for the 2020 or 2021 account periods, 500 thousand TL or more for the 2022 and subsequent accounting periods;
Those who sell goods or services on their own or their intermediary service providers’ websites or any other electronic environment,
Taxpayers who have a gross sales revenue of 1 Million TL for the 2020 or 2021 accounting periods, 500 thousand TL or more for the 2022 and subsequent accounting periods
Those who make real estate and/or motor vehicle, construction, manufacturing, purchase, sale or rental transactions and taxpayers who are in mediatory activities for these transactions,
Hotel businesses that provide accommodation services by obtaining investment and/or operating certificates from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and municipalities, which have a gross sales revenue of 1 million TL for 2020 or 2021 accounting periods, 500,000 TL or more for 2022 and subsequent accounting periods, must switch to e-invoice.
Also:
EMRA licensed taxpayers in the list numbered ÖTV I (Special Consumption Tax),
Taxpayers who manufacture, build, and import the goods in the list numbered ÖTV III,
Taxpayers who trade fruits and vegetables as brokers or traders,
Health service providers who have signed a contract with the Social Security Institution and all taxpayers who supply medical materials and drugs/active substances (hospitals, medical centers, branch centers, dialysis centers, other specialized treatment centers licensed from the Ministry of Health, diagnosis, examination and imaging centers, laboratories, pharmacies, medical device and material suppliers, optician institutions, hearing center, spas, private law legal entities that offer and/or produce human medical products/products and their branches that do not have legal personality, pharmaceutical warehouses, etc.) also have to use e-Invoice.
The cancellation and return process of an e-invoice is the same as the paper invoices when viewed technically. However, in practice, some processes vary.
After switching to the e-invoice application, you cannot issue a paper invoice for e-invoice users. After switching to the e-invoice system, the option period granted to you is limited to seven days. During this time, you can continue to issue paper invoices.
Failure to comply with Turkey’s e-invoicing mandate may result in a financial penalty which equates to 10% of the value of the missed electronic invoice(s) in question. The maximum amount a taxpayer can be penalised in a year changes annually. Currently, the maximum is TRY 1,700,000.
Direct Integration: Businesses can prepare their own computing infrastructures within the framework of the infrastructure and quality certifications specified by the Revenue Administration Department with technical guidelines. They can carry out their processes with their own infrastructures that work integrated with the GIB.
GİB Portal: The application can be used by entering invoices through the Revenue Administration Portal served by the Revenue Administration.
Special Integratorship: Companies such as Sovos, which have received a special integrator permission from the Revenue Administration, can be easily started by quickly switching to the e-Invoice application.
It is very easy to use e-invoices with Sovos. If taxpayers who will electronically invoice with the special integrator method prefer the Sovos solution, they are given all kinds of support for an easy transition to e-invoice.
Unlike the GİB Portal method, there is no additional process required for e-invoice backup and storage with Sovos. If taxpayers who use e-invoice with the private integrator method prefer the Sovos solution, all incoming and outgoing invoices are stored securely in our developed infrastructure without paying an additional fee. (This retention is provided retrospectively for 10 years during the period of being a Sovos customer.)
Being obliged to use the e-invoice application within the framework of the conditions determined by the Revenue Administration is a term used for taxpayers. The regulations made regarding these conditions and limitations are announced by the notifications published by the GIB at regular intervals. In this context, many companies become e-invoice taxpayers within the scope of these requirements.
After switching to the e-Invoice application, you cannot issue a paper invoice for e-invoice users. After switching to the system, you are granted an option period of seven days. During this time, you can continue to issue paper invoices.
Since e-invoices are subject to the same provisions as paper invoices, the provision valid for paper invoices in Article 231 of Tax Procedure Law (VUK) No. 213 also applies to e-invoices. Accordingly, the issuance period for e-invoices is determined as seven days. According to the article, e-invoices must be created on the system and forwarded to the recipient within seven days.
Companies using SAP can benefit from Sovos’ SAP Packages for an end-to-end e-Transformation solution and start using the product without additional integration. Companies that use other ERP/Accounting Software can use their products without additional integration with the Sovos ERP Adapter solution. In integration situations where the Sovos Adapter is not covered, companies can use the Sovos API Documents to integrate with the Sovos APIs. They can access and start integration via https://api.fitbulut.com/servis/#/eInvoice.
The management of e-invoices that come with the Sovos solution is in your hands. Thanks to our user-friendly interface, you can easily access the invoice you want and archive the invoices you make transactions with in a few clicks. In addition, by providing increased control over certain invoices with the colour, display and business rules you will determine on the invoices; you can facilitate the invoice management processes of your users.
E-invoices are issued and received only between taxpayers who fall under e-invoicing obligations. The recipient and the sender must be registered in the GİB e-invoice application.
You can check whether your customer is registered on the electronic invoice from the e-Invoice-registered users list of the Revenue Administration. As another method, a query is made with VKN/TCKN from the e-invoice-registered user inquiry screens from the portal.
According to the Tax Procedure Law, the invoice must be issued within seven days from the date of service or delivery of the goods. It is possible to retroactively issue e-invoices if the seven-day period rule is followed. Technically, the portal has no restrictions.
No changes can be made to the e-invoice sent. In this case, a new electronic invoice is created upon the rejection of the invoice from the other side. Cancellation and refund transactions vary in basic e-invoicing and commercial e-invoicing scenarios.
How to be compliant with Sovos
Sovos has software that was built specifically to help customers meet their e-invoicing obligations in Turkey. Whether you integrate it into your system or use our cloud platform, it speeds up processes and provides immediate clarity for the status of your invoices.
As well as your organisation’s need to meet requirements in Turkey, the global tax digitization continues. If you operate internationally or plan to do so in the future, it’s becoming increasingly important to choose a compliance partner that monitors regulatory changes around the world. This is where Sovos steps in.
Organisations of all shapes and sizes trust Sovos with tax – including e-invoicing compliance – allowing them to focus more time and energy on their core business.
Get in touch with us
Related resources
Stay on top of the tax transformation with these resources.
Keeping up with e-invoicing requirements has never been a bigger task, especially if you operate internationally. Join us as we share the latest information necessary to successfully navigate the latest updates to the global e-invoicing landscape. This webinar will cover:
• Expansion of Romania’s e-transport mandate since December 2023
• Development of Spain’s SIF/Verifactu requirement
• Postponements in Portugal
• The legislative process for B2B Public Administration mandatory e-invoicing in Germany and Belgium
• Important dates to be aware of in Poland
• Recent changes to Malaysia’s e-invoicing mandate
• Date changes and key features in Israel
Sovos, the always-on compliance company, today announced a joint business relationship with the Belgian PwC Firm PwC Business Advisory Services bv/srl (hereinafter: “PwC”), leveraging the companies’ complementary tax and advisory service expertise and solutions to address vital e-invoicing and e-reporting needs.
Through this joint business relationship, Sovos and PwC clients can access comprehensive services to adeptly tackle the ever-evolving regulatory challenges linked to e-invoicing and e-reporting, as additional countries look to join the more than 80 countries worldwide with existing e-invoice requirements.
Through implementation of the Sovos Compliance Cloud, organisations will be able to identify and document client e-invoicing regulatory requirements across various markets, evaluate existing processes and technology, and align business objectives. Introduced in February, the Sovos Compliance Cloud is the industry’s premier unified, cloud-based tax compliance and regulatory software platform that provides a holistic system of record for global compliance.
“As companies navigate an increasingly interconnected and dynamic marketplace, the need for a more integrated e-invoice process has never been more crucial,” said Ellen Cortvriend, partner, of PwC in Belgium. “The Sovos joint business relationship allows us to deliver excellence in an e-invoicing-led global tax compliance project today, with the ability to streamline the e-invoice process even more over time.”
“With many clients of PwC in Belgium facing imminent e-invoicing mandates, the Sovos Compliance Cloud platform ensures a quick and successful integration,” said Alice Katwan, president of revenue, Sovos. “Rapid and complex compliance changes create both tax and IT challenges, from needing immediate tax determination at the point the invoice is raised, to the integration of validated e-invoices with periodic and SAF-T reporting. By reducing the operational burden and providing a singular data view into their compliance posture, Sovos and PwC allow companies to unlock tremendous business value.”
For business leaders seeking to understand more about the events driving regulatory changes and strategies to stay ahead of the compliance risk curve, PwC and Sovos compliance experts will host a complementary webinar, Have We Hit a Tipping Point for Global Indirect Tax?, on 11 April 2024 at 2 p.m. GMT. Registration is now open.
About Sovos
Sovos is a global provider of tax, compliance and trust solutions and services that enable businesses to navigate an increasingly regulated world with true confidence. Purpose-built for always-on compliance capabilities, our scalable IT-driven solutions meet the demands of an evolving and complex global regulatory landscape. Sovos’ cloud-based software platform provides an unparalleled level of integration with business applications and government compliance processes.
More than 100,000 customers in 100+ countries – including half the Fortune 500 – trust Sovos for their compliance needs. Sovos annually processes more than 11 billion transactions across 19,000 global tax jurisdictions. Bolstered by a robust partner program more than 400 strong, Sovos brings to bear an unrivaled global network for companies across industries and geographies. Founded in 1979, Sovos has operations across the Americas and Europe, and is owned by Hg and TA Associates. For more information visit https://sovos.com and follow us on LinkedIn and Twitter.
About PwC
At PwC, our purpose is to build trust in society and solve important problems. We’re a network of firms in 151 countries with more than 364,000 people who are committed to delivering quality in assurance, advisory and tax services. Find out more and tell us what matters to you by visiting us at www.pwc.com.
Stay updated on VAT Reporting and SAF-T with Sovos’ webinar. Explore legislative changes, prepare for VAT Recovery deadlines, and gain insights into SAF-T updates for Portugal, Bulgaria and Poland. Understand recovery claims essentials, crucial with the nearing 13th Directive deadline.
Malaysia CTC e-invoice Reporting:
From August 2024, e-invoicing in Malaysia will become mandatory for taxpayers with an annual turnover or revenue of more than RM100 million. The mandate will follow the continuous transaction control (CTC) model and will require e-invoices to be validated by the country’s tax authority, as well as reporting certain transactions. Rollout to all other taxpayers undertaking commercial activities in Malaysia will follow in 2025.
Read on for an overview of Malaysia e-invoicing requirements and bookmark this page to stay updated with the latest mandate developments.
The issuance of an electronic invoice and submission for validation to the IRBM’s Platform (MyInvois) will be mandatory in Malaysia for certain determined transactions (e.g. automotive, aviation, construction).
For transactions where e-invoicing is mandatory, and in all other transactions where the buyer requests the issue of an e-invoice, the supplier will need to issue an e-invoice in XML or JSON format and submit it to the IRBM´s MyInvois platform for validation.
To comply with this e-invoicing requirement, taxpayers can use the MyInvois platform through the free solution offered by IRBM or integrate through specific APIs. A Software Development Kit has been released by the IRBM for this purpose.
The platform will perform certain validation checks, not only to the e-invoice structure but also to Taxpayer Identification Numbers (TIN). Once the e-invoice receives validation from IRBM, buyers are allowed to submit rejection requests stating the rejection reason.
On the other hand, suppliers can agree to such rejections and issue cancellations of the e-invoice during a 72-hour period.
Following validation, suppliers handle the exchange of validated e-invoices. The exchanged e-invoice should include the original validated e-invoice, the validation link provided by the IRBM in the form of a QR code and a PDF copy.
The QR Code enables the verification of the existence and status of the e-invoice through the MyInvois portal.
Malaysia B2B e-invoicing
CTC Type E-invoice reporting.
Network E-invoices are processed via the MyInvois portal, however, they should be exchanged out-of-band.
Format XML or JSON.
eSignature Requirement Not known at this time.
Malaysia B2G e-invoicing
CTC Type E-invoice reporting.
Network E-invoices are processed via the MyInvois portal, however, they should be exchanged out-of-band.
Format XML or JSON.
eSignature Requirement Not known at this time.
E-invoicing in Malaysia: Key requirements and regulations
From August 2024, Malaysian taxpayers with an annual turnover or revenue of more than RM100 million will be required to submit and clear e-invoices for certain transactions.
Malaysia e-invoicing adopts a continuous transaction control (CTC) approach. E-invoices must be submitted and cleared via MyInvois, the e-invoicing portal of the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM).
As of the 9 February 2024, the IRBM guidelines state that mandatory e-invoicing will be for specific sectors and transactions.
Sectors in-scope of mandatory e-invoicing include:
Automative
Aviation
Luxury good and jewellery
Construction
Licensed betting and gaming
Payments to agents, dealers and distributors
For cross-border transactions, Malaysian taxpayers must issue a self-billed e-invoice to document the expense, but foreign parties do not need to implement the Malaysia e-invoicing system.
B2C transactions fall outside of the e-invoice mandate. Any e-invoices for transactions not in scope are subject to the buyer’s request.
What is an e-invoice in Malaysia?
An e-invoice is a digital representation of a transaction between a supplier and a buyer that replaces all paper or electronic documents serving as invoices, credit notes and debit notes.
An e-invoice under the new framework is a structured file created in a defined format that can be automatically processed by the relevant systems. The e-invoice structure includes 53 mandatory fields and must be submitted in either XML or JSON format.
An e-invoice will contain the same essential information as per current practices, such as supplier’s and buyer’s details, item description, quantity, price excluding tax, tax, and total amount.
Following the validation process, e-invoices must include an embedded QR code.
PDFs, Doc, JPG and paper will not be considered as e-invoices.
What is the process flow of an e-invoice in Malaysia?
E-invoice issuance: Taxpayers must submit e-invoices to the IRBM via the MyInvois portal or through a third-party e-invoicing software API in XML or JSON format.
Validation: Once submitted, the e-invoice is validated in real-time and a Unique Identification Number, validation link (QR Code) and PDF format of the cleared e-invoice are sent to the supplier.
Validation notification: The IRBM performs certain validation checks on the e-invoice structure and on taxpayers identification numbers and notifies the buyer and supplier of the validated invoice.
E-invoice sharing: Suppliers should share the validated e-invoice and a visual representation with a QR code embedded. The QR code allows buyers to validate the existence and status of the e-invoice via MyInvois. It’s the supplier’s responsibility to share the document with the buyer.
Rejection or cancellation: Optional rejection (buyer side) and optional cancellation (supplier side) requests have a 72 hour time limit, after which the invoice is considered valid. Any corrections or amendments made after the 72 hour limit will need to be made through credit, debit or refund notes.
Transaction Summary: A summary of the transaction can be viewed via the portal.
What are the types of e-invoices in Malaysia?
In Malaysia, the e-invoice mandate covers the below document types:
Invoice
Credit note
Debit note
Refund invoice
Self-billed invoice
E-reporting regulations in Malaysia
For all other transactions that fall outside of the mandatory e-invoicing scope, and where the buyer did not request an e-invoice to be issued, suppliers can issue an invoice or receipt as per the current practices (e.g. paper).
However, in these cases, suppliers are required to instead issue a consolidated e-invoice aggregating all invoices and receipts on a monthly basis, within 7 days of the month end-. Consolidated e-invoices are common in Malaysia today, and this requirement allows this practice to continue, while still giving the IRBM access to aggregated transaction data. These consolidated invoice reports are issued to a ‘general public’, without specification of each buyer, and a general TIN is provided.
A description of the products or services is provided by the summary of each receipt presented as separate line items in the consolidated e-invoice and/or the list of receipts (in a continuous receipt number) presented as line items.
Additionally, when consolidated- e-invoices are issued, MyInvois will send notifications back to the supplier only. Rejections are not allowed from the buyer side and suppliers are not required to share the validated e-invoice with buyers.
Consolidation cannot be used for self-billed invoices.
Implementation timeline
2015: Malaysia introduces voluntary e-invoicing
October 2022: The Malaysian Ministry of Finance announces plans for e-invoicing pilot program for select taxpayers
November 2023: Mandatory e-invoicing implementation timeline is delayed to August 2024
February 2024: Inland Revenue Malaysia publishes Software Development Kit and e-invoicing guidelines
August 2024: Mandatory e-invoicing and clearance in Malaysia for taxpayers with an annual turnover or revenue of more than RM100 million (aprox. 20 million euros)
January 2025: Mandatory e-invoicing for taxpayers with an annual turnover or revenue between RM25 million (aprox. 5 million euros) and RM100 million
July 2025: Mandatory e-invoicing for all taxpayers
Setting up e-invoicing and e-reporting in Malaysia
Malaysia’s e-invoicing mandate allows submission of e-invoices via a third-party API. Sovos’ e-invoice and e-reporting compliance solutions are suitable for Malaysia and other international tax requirements.
Speak with a Sovos expert to set-up e-invoicing in Malaysia.
Complete the form below to speak with one of our e-invoicing experts
E-invoicing will become mandatory for certain transactions for taxpayers with an annual turnover or revenue of more than RM100 million from August 2024. Additional taxpayers will be in scope from 2025 with all taxpayers included by July 2025.
There is a consolidated e-invoice requirement for transactions where e-invoicing is not mandatory, and the buyer does not request an e-invoice to be issued. Taxpayers must aggregate all invoices and receipts issued and issue a consolidated e-invoice via the MyInvois, on a monthly basis (within 7 days from the month end).
E-invoicing is currently optional for taxpayers in Malaysia but an upcoming mandate will make it a requirement for all taxpayers by 2025. The first group of taxpayers need to comply by August 2024.
The Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) is the e-invoicing authority in Malaysia. The IRBM is responsible for the MyInvois Portal, the platform used to submit, clear and validate e-invoices in the country.
Taxpayers within scope of the e-invoicing mandate submit documents via the country’s MyInvois Portal for validating, before sharing with the buyer. The real-time e-invoicing process saves time and resources for businesses and facilitates cross-border and international trade.
Norway has an indirect tax that applies to elements of coverage under a motor insurance policy. This blog details everything you need to know about it.
Which taxes are payable in relation to motor insurance policies in Norway?
In 2018, Norway replaced the collection of traffic insurance tax with a new fee known as the Traffic Insurance Fee (TRIF). This fee is collected by the insurance companies on behalf of the Norwegian State, together with the premium for third-party motor liability insurance coverage.
The annual insurance tax needed significant administration. As such, implementing a new tax scheme on mandatory automobile third-party liability insurance policies aimed to streamline and speed up tax and excise administration. With the new approach, insurance companies must invoice TRIF together with the premium amount sent to registered vehicle owners. The fee is clearly stated on the invoice in a distinct line aptly named “Traffic Insurance Fee”.
How is TRIF on motor insurance policies calculated in Norway?
In Norway, the TRIF is charged for all registered cars that weigh under 7,500 kg. The Norwegian Tax Office collects the so-called weight-year tax on heavier vehicles, in which the TRIF is not due.
Norway charges the fee for insurance contracts on compulsory third-party liability insurance regarding motor vehicles registered domestically. The fee also applies to the sum received by the Norwegian Motor Insurers’ Bureau for uninsured motor vehicles or when the new owner has not taken out insurance for the motor vehicle.
There is no insurance premium tax on insurance policies covering Class 3 policies.
As stated above, insurance companies collect TRIF at the same time as the premium, so the fee is distributed in accordance with the frequency of premium payment. This can be monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually.
TRIF is a daily fee based on the type and usage of the vehicle. Vehicles are classified into five classes, from a) to f).
Group a) covers passenger cars, vans, camper vans, buses, combination cars, lorries, and tow trucks with a maximum total weight of 3,500 kg or higher
Group b) covers diesel-powered automobiles out of group a) that do not have a factory-installed particulate filter
Group c) comprises annual tests identifying markings for motor vehicles
Group d) covers motorcycles
Group e) covers other vehicles, including taxis, mopeds, tractors, vehicles that transport disabled people and vehicles that are over 30 years old
Group f) covers electric-powered vehicles
The new rates take effect on 1 March each year. This means that if the policy is issued or renewed on or after this date, the new rates will apply. The rates for 2024 range from NOK 0.37 (approx. EUR 0.032) for group e) to NOK 9.11 (approx. EUR 0.80) for group b).
What vehicles are exempt from tax in Norway?
Exemptions from TRIF occur based on the car’s usage or the owner. For example, motor vehicles registered at the Nordic Investment Bank that are used for official bank operations are exempt from TRIF. Vehicles registered at NATO or NATO headquarters, forces or personnel, as defined by international agreements, are also excluded. The exemption also applies to stolen cars.
The Ministry has the authority to issue regulations for implementation, delimitation and exemption criteria.
It is also worth mentioning that if liability insurance is not compulsory to take out, for example, in the case of the Norwegian state, municipalities or local institutions, the person responsible for the motor vehicle will be considered “self-insured”. In these circumstances, TRIF is not due.
Read our IPT Guide to learn more about Insurance Premium Tax compliance.
Have questions about the taxation of motor insurance policies or IPT in Norway? Speak to our experts.
VAT Compliance in Poland: An Overview for Businesses
Poland VAT compliance can be a tall task for those yet to devise a future-proof strategy. Considering legislation changes frequently and the ongoing phased implementation of e-invoicing, it takes a lot of time, money and energy to meet your obligations.
This is your overview of all the tax compliance rules applicable in Poland, covering mandates and requirements such as VAT, SAF-T (JPK) and e-invoicing via KSeF. Add this page to your compliance toolbelt so you can understand and meet your obligations – both now and in the future.
While Poland does not have an Insurance Premium Tax (IPT) regime, it does have some parafiscal charges that are applicable to the insurance premium.
The Fire Brigade Tax (FBC) is applicable in special cases. There is also a so-called Financial Ombudsman Charge (FOC) to be settled online and paid to the Polish Financial Ombudsman Office on a yearly basis. This charge is applicable for all insurance companies operating under Freedom of Services (FOS) or Freedom of Establishment (FoE) in Poland as well as for Domestic Insurance Companies.
Previously, Insurer Ombudsman Charge (IOC) applied to all 18 classes of non-life insurance and life insurance policies. It was replaced by the Financial Ombudsman Charge (FOC) in January 2023.
Import VAT in Poland
The act of importation is a taxable event for which VAT is chargeable in Poland.
There is an option to use postponed accounting on imports. Poland introduced the option to defer import VAT as of 1 July 2020, enabling businesses to declare the tax through the VAT return without any cash payment. This mechanism is a great cash flow for the company as it doesn’t have to advance the VAT at Customs.
Taxable persons can use the mechanism, irrespective of whether the goods are subject to simplifications from the EU Customs Codes. To use the deferment mechanism, taxpayers must have a clear history of recent VAT compliance.
Invoicing requirements in Poland
Polish VAT invoices must be issued no later than the 15th day of the month after the taxable supply, and no earlier than 30 days before the supply of goods or completion of a service.
The electronic invoice will be considered issued on the day it is sent to KSeF, i.e. at the moment when it enters the system. When a structured invoice is assigned a KSeF number (unique ID), which contains the date of issue, it becomes legally valid. The issuance date is also in the Official Receipt Certificate (UPO).
One Stop Shop (OSS) has been effective in Poland since 1 July 2021, aiming to simplify VAT obligations for companies involved in distance selling.
Its main benefit is that a supplier can choose to account for the VAT due under OSS, which can be used for intra-EU cross-border supplies of goods and all cross-border supplies of services made to final consumers in the EU.
As a result, the company is required to register for VAT in only one EU Member State instead of registering for VAT in all EU Member States in which it operates – provided that the pan-EU threshold of EUR 10,000 in intra-EU distance sales to consumers is exceeded.
OSS can be used by businesses established in and outside the EU. If a supplier or a deemed supplier decides to register for OSS, it must declare and pay VAT for all supplies (goods as well as services) that fall under OSS.
Where the Member State of identification is Poland, the taxable person is entitled to file a notification to II Urzad Skarbowy Warszawa Srodmiescie by electronic means.
The forms for the EU OSS procedure are as follows:
VIU-R – notification form
VIU-DO – Form of the return for VAT settlements, filed for each quarter by the end of the month following a given quarter
The forms for non-EU OSS procedure are as follows:
VIN-R – Notification form
VIN-DO – Form of the return for VAT settlements, filed for each quarter by the end of the month following a given quarter
If you need help, please contact us or find more information on our dedicated guide.
Registration for IOSS in Poland
Import One Stop Shop (“IOSS”) is effective as of 1 July 2021 and applies to B2C distance sales of goods from outside the EU.
Under the standard procedure, VAT is due on all commercial goods imported into the EU Member State (the country of destination).
The purpose of IOSS is to facilitate the declaration and payment of VAT due on the sale of low-value goods of consignment valued at less than EUR 150. If the IOSS is used, the importation into the EU is exempt from VAT.
When using IOSS in Poland, a taxable person without a registered seat in the territory of the EU must indicate Poland as the Member State of identification. The taxable person in charge of the supply, or the intermediary, is entitled to file a notification with the II Urzad Skarbowy Warszawa Srodmiescie electronically.
The forms for the IOSS procedure are as follows:
VII-R – Notification form of taxable person
VII-RP – Notification form of intermediary
VII-DO – Form of the return for VAT settlements, filed for each month by the end of the month following a given month
Intrastat is an obligation for certain businesses that trade internationally in the European Union, relating to the movement of goods across EU Member States.
While the requirements remain similar across the region, certain Member States have implemented rules differently and each has its own Intrastat threshold for reporting. Poland’s declaration threshold for 2024 is PLN 6.2 million for arrivals and PLN 2.8 million for dispatches.
The standard procedure for VAT returns in Poland includes monthly filing. Taxpayers deemed as ‘small’, however, can file VAT returns quarterly if they meet specific requirements. VAT returns can be submitted by the official portal or through approved software.
VAT returns need to be filed by the 25th of the month following the accounting period. This is of utmost importance as taxpayers can be financially penalised for failing to meet the deadline, as well as the potential to accrue statutory interest and potentially face legal proceedings.
Since October 2020, there has been a Uniform Control File (JPK_VAT) that is made up of a record section and a declaration section. This consolidates data that was included in VAT returns prior to the file’s introduction.
The standard VAT rate in Poland is 23%, though certain goods and supplies have reduced rates of 8% and 5% and some services are exempt from VAT altogether.
The VAT registration threshold for companies established in Poland is PLN 200,000.
There is no threshold on the VAT registration for foreign companies not established in Poland; they are required to register for VAT prior to making their first VAT-relevant supply in the country.
VAT applies to the supply of goods and rendering of services in Poland for consideration. VAT liability is money owed to the tax authority and is calculated by subtracting credits from the total amount of VAT a taxpayer has collected at the moment the VAT becomes chargeable.
The deadline for making the relevant VAT payment is the same as for submitting the VAT return part of the SAF-T, i.e., by the 25th day of the month following the month in which the tax point arises. VAT liabilities must be paid by bank transfer and in Polish zloty.
The Polish Tax Authorities require businesses established outside of the EU and having a VAT registration in Poland to appoint a fiscal representative in Poland. The fiscal representative can be an individual or a company, such as Sovos. The fiscal representative is jointly and severally liable with the taxpayer for the tax liability, which the fiscal representative settles on behalf of and for the benefit of that taxpayer in Poland.
It is worth noting that, since 23 February 2021, taxpayers established in Norway or Great Britain have not been obliged to appoint a fiscal representative when operating in Poland. The companies established in both Norway and Great Britain can register directly for VAT purposes in Poland. This entails that the legal representative of the company can sign the registration form without any involvement from the Polish established Company or an individual acting in the capacity of a fiscal representative.
An EU business is not required to appoint a fiscal representative to register for VAT in Poland, but it may choose to do so.
The threshold for VAT registration for Polish-established businesses is PLN 200,000 (about EUR 46,000).
The VAT registration limit may apply either:
Retrospectively: The value of supplies of goods or services exceeded PLN 200,000 in the preceding tax year
Prospectively: At the start of business, the value of supplies of goods or services is expected to exceed PLN 200,000
Businesses operating in Poland may additionally opt to register for VAT regardless of reaching the threshold or if their operations comprise only VAT-exempt activities.
Non-established businesses – foreign businesses without a place of business in Poland – must register for VAT in Poland when making taxable supplies of goods or services in Poland. They are exempt from registration when they exclusively supply the following services:
Services and goods where the Polish purchaser pays tax under the reverse charge mechanism
Certain services that are subject to a zero rate (e.g., services supplied within Polish seaports, connected with international transport, services of air traffic control rendered for foreign providers of air transportation)
How Sovos can help with VAT compliance in Poland
The varied nature of tax obligations in Poland means compliance can be a resource-heavy task – especially when you consider the high probability of future updates and implementations. Choosing Sovos, a single vendor with global and local tax expertise, allows you to future-proof compliance.
Reclaim your time so you can focus on growing your business by speaking with our expert team today. Compliance is our concern.
Liechtenstein is one of many countries with Insurance Premium Tax (IPT) requirements, specifically the Swiss Stamp Duty and Liechtenstein Insurance Levy.
This blog provides an overview of IPT in Liechtenstein to help insurance companies remain compliant.
What kind of taxes are applicable in Liechtenstein on insurance premium amounts?
In Liechtenstein, there are two types of taxes that apply to premium amounts received by insurance companies:
Swiss Stamp Duty (CHSD)
Liechtenstein Insurance Levy (LIL)
These taxes complement each other. LIL is only applicable if CHSD is not applicable.
Swiss Stamp Duty is applicable in Liechtenstein based on Customs Union Treaty of March 29, 1923, which regulates the federal rules of stamp duties. Liechtenstein levy on Insurance premium amounts only applies if the Swiss stamp legislation does not apply.
It is necessary to highlight that Liechtenstein is a member of the EEA. As a result, the Location of Risk provisions outlined in the Solvency II Directive apply to LIL.
Therefore, to determine whether a premium amount triggers LIL, the rules of the referred Directive should be applied. This is not the case for Swiss Stamp Duty.
Premium payments made by Liechtenstein resident policyholders and/or to insurance companies based in Liechtenstein are generally subject to Swiss Stamp Duty.
What are the tax rates in Liechtenstein?
Premiums on non-life insurance policies are taxable at the rate of 5% and life policies at a rate of 2.5%, unless one of the exemptions listed in the regulations apply. These rates and exemptions apply to both CHSD and LIL.
Examples of exemptions include:
Policies covering accident
Transport of goods
Unemployment insurance
Hail insurance
Livestock insurance risks
Reinsurance policies
What is the basis of a CHSD and LIL calculation in Liechtenstein?
For the Liechtenstein Insurance Levy, the taxable basis is the premium payments based on an insurance relationship created by an insurance policy where the location of risk is deemed to be in Liechtenstein.
Whereas, for the Swiss Stamp Duty, the taxable basis is the premium payments for insurance:
based on a domestic portfolio of a domestic Liechtenstein insurer
that are paid by a domestic policyholder having an insurance contract with a foreign insurer
What are the CHSD and LIL filing and payment frequencies in Liechtenstein?
CHSD is filed on a quarterly and paid alongside the submission of the tax return. On the other hand, LIL is due biannually.
Each return is due within 30 days following the last day of the reporting period.
What are the penalties and interest for CHSD and LIL in Liechtenstein?
In case of late payment, a default interest should be paid on the amounts paid late. The interest rate is determined by the Swiss Federal Department of Finance.
What are the challenges for Insurance Premium Tax in Liechtenstein?
The main challenge is to determine which tax is due, CHSD or LIL. Secondly, it is challenging to determine whether the premium amount and the risk covered are exempt from taxation. The list of exemptions is long.
If LIL is due, these returns can only be filed by a fiscal representative based in Liechtenstein. It can be challenging to find one locally.
VAT Compliance in Romania: An Overview for Businesses
Romanian VAT Compliance can be described as a layered system conflated with different declarations and requirements, from SAF-T obligations to electronic invoicing. In this page, businesses aiming to remain compliant and looking to know the most up to date news, can find an overview of the main Romanian VAT rules. Scroll down to learn about Romanian VAT compliance requirements and how to remain compliant.
Romania is a complex country for VAT rules, with many elements that companies need to be aware of. These include:
Periodic VAT return (Decont de taxa pe valoarea adaugata)
Monthly 25th day of the month following the end of the tax period
Quarterly 25th day of the month following the end of the tax period
Romanian Domestic Supplies & Purchase listing (Declaraţie informativă privind livrările/prestările şi achiziţiile efectuate pe teritoriul national – D394)
Monthly 30th day of the month following the end of the tax period
SAF-T (Declarației informative D406)
Monthly/Quarterly
SAF-T Stocks (Declarației informative D406)
On-demand – a minimum 30-day deadline
SAF-T Assets (Declarației informative D406)
Deadline for the submission of Financial Statements for the year
EU Sales and Purchases List
Monthly 25th day of the month following the end of the tax period
Intrastat
Monthly 15th day of the month following the relevant month
VAT rates
19% 9% 5% 0% and Exempt
Intrastat thresholds
Arrivals: RON 1 million Dispatches: RON 1 million
VAT rules in Romania
Romania is at the forefront of VAT compliance, having implemented a broad range of requirements, from SAF-T obligations to e-invoicing. You can find more information on the various rules and requirements here:
Taxable persons established in Romania are required to register for VAT purposes if their annual turnover exceeds the threshold RON 300,000 (EUR 88,500). Established entities that don’t meet the threshold may opt to register for VAT purposes.
Non-established entities are required to register for VAT purposes, regardless of annual turnover, when practicing certain activities such as Intra-Community transactions or exports.
When does VAT liability apply in Romania?
In Romania, VAT liability encompasses various transaction types – including, but not limited to, the following:
Supplies of goods and services for consideration with place of supply in Romania
Imports of goods
Intra-Community acquisitions of goods
Invoicing requirements in Romania
Legislation in Romania states that invoices, paper or electronic, must include the following information:
Invoice unique serial number
Invoice/delivery date
Supplier identification
Recipient identification (when they are taxable subjects as well)
Description of the goods or services provided
Taxable amount
Applicable tax rate
Since January 2024, the Romanian B2B e-invoicing and e-reporting mandate has applied to established taxpayers and VAT registered entities – concerning all B2B transactions with place of supply in Romania.
From January 2024, VAT-registered entities must report their invoices (regarding domestic B2B transactions) to the RO e-Factura platform within five working days of issuance.
Established taxpayers are equally required to electronically report their invoices from January 2024.
The tax authority provided a three-month grace period where no penalties will apply, meaning that penalties will be imposed from April 2024.
From July 2024, the e-reporting obligation will shift to an e-invoicing requirement for transactions between established taxpayers. If established taxpayers fail to issue the invoice electronically, the invoice must be reported within five calendar days to the RO e-Factura platform.
In addition to the invoicing content requirements, which must also be included in electronic invoices, the e-invoice must comply with certain technical requirements as well.
You can find more information about Romania’s e-invoicing rules on our dedicated Romania e-invoicing page.
Registration for OSS in Romania
The EU established the One Stop Shop (OSS) in July 2021, implementing an EU-wide 10,000-euro threshold for VAT and simplifying cross-border online sales in the region simpler. This is part of the EU VAT e-commerce package.
Following the applicable Romanian VAT rules, the following fall within the scope of the OSS regime:
Entities established in Romania
Non-EU taxable persons with a fixed establishment in Romania
Entities which have fixed establishments in more than one EU Member State including Romania)
These entities may choose Romania as their Member State of registration for OSS purposes.
Non-EU entities, which do not have a fixed establishment in the European Union, may also register in Romania for OSS purposes – only if carrying out distance sales of goods when the goods are dispatched from Romania or any other EU Member State.
In addition to the OSS registration, taxable persons may also apply to the Import One-Stop Shop (IOSS) in Romania which concerns B2C distance sales of goods from outside the region.
Intrastat, EU Sales and Purchases List and Domestic Supplies & Purchase listing (form 394) in Romania
Intrastat returns – which are related to the movement of goods in the European Union – are submitted in Romania if the taxable person exceeds the provided threshold.
Even though Intrastat requirements remain similar across the EU, each Member State may implement rules differently. Our Intrastat Guide is a useful tool for navigating cross-border trading in the EU.
In Romania, the Intrastat threshold for both arrivals and dispatches of goods is RON 1,000,000 (around EUR 201,000). The Intrastat return must be submitted by the 15th day of the following month.
The EU Sales and Purchases List is submitted in Romania by taxable persons carrying out Intra-Community supplies or purchases of goods or certain services. The return must be submitted by the 25th day of the following month and is not required to be submitted in tax periods where no transactions occurred.
The Domestic Supplies & Purchase listing (form 394), first implemented in July 2014, is an additional return to be submitted periodically by all VAT-registered entities in Romania. The return includes data on domestic supplies and purchases between VAT-registered entities and must be submitted by the 30th day of the month following the end of the tax period.
The Romanian periodic VAT return – Decont de taxa pe valoarea adaugata – is submitted on a monthly or quarterly basis, if the taxpayers’ annual turnover remains below the equivalent in RON of 100.000 EUR. The returns must be submitted electronically by the 25th day of the month following the end of the applicable tax period.
The VAT return must include the amount of the deductible VAT as well as the VAT charged in the tax period.
Taxable persons established in Romania are required to register for VAT purposes if the RON 300.000 (EUR 88.500) annual turnover threshold is exceeded. There is no threshold for non-established entities.
Taxable persons not established in the EU that fall under the obligation to register for VAT purposes in Romania are obliged to appoint a fiscal representative.
Yes. Since January 2023, Romania‘s mandatory e-transport system has monitored the transport of certain goods in the national territory. The e-transport system operates in parallel with Romania’s e-invoicing system. For more information read our in-depth blog about the e-transport system in Romania.
Help for VAT compliance in Romania
Looking back at this overview, it becomes clear just how fast-paced Romania’s developing VAT compliance requirements are. Sovos helps customers navigate difficult VAT compliance landscapes worldwide, by leveraging our global coverage.
We take care of compliance so you can concentrate on growing your business.
The Dominican Republic is just one of the many nations that are turning to e-invoicing. From 2024, established taxpayers will be required to meet strict new rules for how they execute business transactions.
Understanding what’s to come is vital, as is choosing a partner with the technical know-how and foresight to ensure compliance during change. Bookmark this page to stay updated with developments in e-invoicing in the Dominican Republic, written by regulatory experts.
At a glance: e-invoicing in the Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic B2G e-invoicing
CTC Type E-invoice clearance according to the calendar, starting with the first group in May 2024
Network The system’s web services are a set of protocols and standards that, using extensible markup language (XML) and REST API, allow the exchange of data between the heterogeneous invoicing software of taxpayers and the tax authority through an environment defined as {Environment}, finding various services in electronic invoicing
Format Electronic invoices will be sent in an XML file, which consists of a plain text record that uses a series of custom tags to describe both the structure and other characteristics of the document
eSignature Requirement A digital certificate for Tax Procedure, issued and signed digitally, by a certification entity authorised by INDOTEL or a certificate with an institutional link is required
Archiving Requirement 10 years
Dominican Republic B2B e-invoicing
CTC Type E-invoice clearance according to the calendar, starting with the first group in January 2024
Network The system’s web services are a set of protocols and standards that, using XML and REST API, allow the exchange of data between the heterogeneous invoicing software of taxpayers and the tax authority through an environment defined as {Environment}, finding various services in electronic invoicing
Format Electronic invoices will be sent in an XML file, which consists of a plain text record that uses a series of custom tags to describe both the structure and other characteristics of the document)
eSignature Requirement A digital certificate for Tax Procedure, issued and signed digitally, by a certification entity authorised by INDOTEL or a certificate with an institutional link is required
Archiving Requirement 10 years
E-invoicing regulation in the Dominican Republic
The electronic invoicing regulation in the Dominican Republic was published on 17 May 2023 and lays out the specific expectations and requirements for taxpayers.
Firstly, the e-invoicing regulation applies to natural and legal persons, both public and private. It also applies to entities without legal personality domiciled in the Dominican Republic that carry out the transfer of goods, delivery in use or provision and lease of services for consideration or free of charge.
All issuers of electronic invoices are to be recognised and authorised as such by the DGII and have a digital certificate for Tax Procedure issued by an entity authorised by the Dominican Institute of Telecommunications (INDOTEL).
Electronic invoices must be compliant with a set format and are to be sent to the authority and electronic receiver. Each e-invoice will have a Printed Representation (RI) of the electronic tax receipts (e-CF) which will be delivered physically to exceptional non-electronic receivers.
The regulation outlines three forms of acceptable e-CF issuance:
Using self-developed systems, following authorisation from the DGII
Using e-invoicing service providers that have been certified for compliance
Using the DGII’s free technological facility (known as free billing)
Timeline: e-invoicing adoption in the Dominican Republic
It can be difficult to stay informed about the changes to e-invoicing’s implementation in the Dominican Republic. This simple timeline details the key developments:
February 2019: Pilot phase for e-invoicing commences with 11 large companies
September 2022: Draft law filed for the Senate’s approval
18 May 2023: The e-invoicing mandate became applicable across the nation
15 January 2024: Group 1 of large national taxpayers need to have implemented e-CF by now
15 March 2024: Group 2 of large national taxpayers need to have implemented e-CF by now
15 May 2024: Group 3 of large national taxpayers and Government Institutions classified as Large National Taxpayers need to have implemented e-CF by now
15 May 2025: E-invoicing will become a requirement for large local and medium-sized taxpayers
15 May 2026: E-invoicing will become a requirement for small, micro, unclassified taxpayers and the remaining Government Institutions
Who must use an e-invoice in the Dominican Republic?
Both issuing and receiving electronic invoices are currently voluntary for both B2B and B2G transactions in the Dominican Republic. This will change in 2024 when the first wave of mandatory requirements rolls out, specifically to large taxpayers.
View the timeline below to find out exactly when e-invoicing will be obligatory for different taxpayer groups.
How to choose the right e-invoicing software in the Dominican Republic
The impending launch of electronic invoicing in the Dominican Republic brings along the need to find a system and strategy that works. Strategy isn’t one-size-fits-all; compliance is imperative and, subsequently, so is finding a solution that understands your company.
Sovos is a global compliance partner for organisations of all shapes and sizes, and our solutions not only help you to comply but also free up resources so you can focus on what really matters.
Another aspect of compliance to be mindful of is that requirements change. It’s unavoidable. Instead of jumping between solutions, organisations that partner with Sovos have peace of mind that they will be compliant in the present and meet any new demands that come in the future.
e-CF, otherwise known as an electronic tax receipt, is the Dominican Republic’s version of an electronic invoice. Taxpayers must submit e-CFs to the nation’s tax authority, DGII, for approval.
Once you have issued an electronic invoice, request an e-CF sequence and the DGII will validate the file. Once the tax authority has validated the e-CF, you will receive authorised versions.
Regarding e-invoicing in the Dominican Republic, the Acknowledgement of Receipt only confirms that the electronic invoice has been received. The Commercial Approval indicates whether the e-CF has been accepted or rejected.
In less than six months, Poland is going to introduce its long-awaited CTC clearance e-invoicing mandate – a tax reform that will impact a large amount of businesses.
It has been possible to issue and receive e-invoices voluntarily via Krajowy System E-Faktur (KSeF) since January 2022, but from 1 July 2024 it will become mandatory for suppliers and buyers that are in scope of mandatory e-invoicing to do this via KSeF.
A detailed understanding of the new regime, plus timely and proper preparation, is critical for compliance. Whilst there is a six-month grace period on financial penalties, non-compliance can negatively impact your business in many other, often unexpected, ways.
In this 45-minute deep-dive webinar, Marta Sowińska from our Regulatory Analysis and Design team will cover:
Introduction to the mandatory e-invoicing reform in Poland
Scope of the clearance mandate: domestic vs. cross-border transactions
Key challenges:
B2B vs. B2C transactions
Latest updates on QR codes
Emergency models – also known as offline modes
Key dates and implications of non-compliance
Join us on 8 February at 2pm GMT | 3pm CET for a thorough review of the Polish KSeF e-invoicing mandate and the opportunity to submit your questions.
As tax authorities continue to digitize processes in their mission to reduce fraud and close their VAT gaps, they are introducing requirements that provide greater visibility into a company’s financial operations in the form of Continuous Transaction Controls (CTC).
It would be a mistake to think that being prepared to meet obligations in one of the countries where you operate can simply be replicated in another – CTCs are far from a ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution.
Join us on 24 January 2024 in our latest quarterly VAT Snapshot webinar series where regulatory experts Dilara Inal and Marta Sowinska will examine how tax authorities in Poland, Romania, Israel, Greece and Spain – all simultaneously implementing CTC regimes – are doing so with different sets of requirements.
Don’t miss this opportunity to learn more about these unique regimes and what they mean for your business.
Monaco is one of many countries with Insurance Premium Tax (IPT) requirements, specifically the Special Annual Tax and Fire Brigade Tax. This blog provides an overview of IPT in Monaco to help insurance companies remain compliant.
What kind of taxes are applicable in Monaco on insurance premium amounts?
In Monaco, there are two types of taxes that apply to premium amounts received by insurance companies. These taxes apply to domestic as well as foreign insurance companies who write business in Monaco, whether or not they have a branch office there.
It is necessary to highlight that Monaco is not a member of the EU/EEA. As a result, the Location of Risk provisions outlined in Directive 2009/138/EC, often referenced as the Solvency II Directive, do not apply. Therefore, determining whether a premium amount triggers Monegasque insurance premium tax or not requires understanding the local territorial rules.
SAT rates vary based on the risks covered. The lowest rate is 0.20% for policies covering export credit risks, while the highest rate is 25% for policies covering property risks with a fire element. Most taxable insurance is subject to a 7% rate.
There are various exemptions from SAT, such as life insurance and related contracts, reinsurance, and risks located outside of Monaco.
There is a fixed rate of 9% for Fire Brigade Tax.
What is the basis of SAT and FBT calculation in Monaco?
The taxable premium is the taxable basis for both SAT and FBT. It is defined as the sum stipulated for the benefit of the insurer, including any extra fees or charges paid directly or indirectly by the insurer. The taxable basis for FBT can be different from SAT.
What are the SAT and FBT filing and payment frequencies in Monaco?
SAT and FBT are filed quarterly on one return. The payment must be made alongside the filing. The settlement deadline is the tenth day of the third month after the reporting period ends.
In addition to the quarterly return obligation, insurance businesses must file an annual return by 31 May of the year after the reporting year.
What are the penalties and interest for SAT and FBT in Monaco?
Penalties are imposed for payment delays, as well as inaccuracy, omission, inadequacy, or any other violations that may cause damage to the Monegasque treasury.
The late payment interest rate is 6%, and is charged on the entire month, regardless of when in the month the late payment becomes due. For every other error, the default penalty is EUR 150 or EUR 1,500. The latter applies if the violated legal provision is punishable.
What are the challenges for Insurance Premium Tax in Monaco?
The fiscal representation regulations are the most difficult aspect of Monegasque insurance premium taxation. A foreign insurance business must have a representative authorised by the Minister of State to declare taxes in Monaco.
This representative should be a private individual and is fully liable for the payment of any Monegasque duties and fines. In addition, a certain amount of guarantee is payable if the representative is not based in Monaco.
Poland is one of many countries to use the Standard Audit File for Tax (SAF-T) to streamline tax compliance and reporting for businesses. The country was one of the first in Europe to replace the traditional VAT return with SAF-T.
Poland introduced its version of SAF-T, known as Jednolity Plik Kontrolny (JPK), in 2016, making monthly submissions of JPK_VAT compulsory for all taxpayers in 2018.
In 2020, JPK_VAT combined with the VAT return and is submitted with a declaration per the frequency of the VAT Return (monthly or quarterly).
Submission of the remaining seven JPK structures is upon request of the tax authority in the event of an audit.
The Poland SAF-T framework consists of eight JPK structures:
JPK_V7M/K
declaration for records of VAT purchases and sales combined
JPK_FA
for VAT and VAT invoices
JPK_WB
for bank statements
JPK_PKPIR
for revenue and expense ledger
JPK_EWP
for revenue account
JPK_KR
for accounting books
JPK_MAG
for warehouses
JPK_FA_RR
for flat rate VAT invoices
Other than the monthly or quarterly periodic submission of JPK_V7M/K, submission of all other JPK structures is on demand.
However, from 1 January 2025, reporting of JPK EWP, JPW PKPIR, and JPK_KR will become a periodic reporting obligation.
Timeline SAF-T in Poland
1 July 2016: SAF-T introduced in Poland in the form of JPK files
1 January 2018: Poland mandated JPK_VAT for all taxable persons
1 July 2018: Taxpayers must be able to produce accounting documents in JPK structures
1 October 2020: JPK_VAT with declaration consolidates the VAT Return and JPK_V7M/K
1 July 2021: Amendments to the mandatory JPK_V7M/K adopted
1 January 2022: Amendments to the JPK_V7M/K structure including changes to better align it with the EU VAT e-Commerce package
1 January 2025: Reporting of JPK EWP, JPW PKPIR, and JPK_KR becomes a periodic obligation
Understanding JPK VAT and SAF-T in Poland
One of the eight JPK structures in Poland is JPK_VAT, a declaration combining VAT purchase and sales records. As of 2020, JPK_VAT must be sent alongside VAT returns to the tax authority.
JPK_VAT with the declaration has two variants, depending on the submission frequency of the VAT return:
JPK_V7M for taxpayers settling VAT monthly.
JPK_V7K for taxpayers who settle VAT quarterly.
Submission of JPK_V7M and JPK_V7K is on the 25th of the month following the reporting period.
The other SAF-T JPK structures for VAT are JPK_FA for VAT invoices and JPK_FA_RR for flat-rate VAT invoices. JPK_FA and JPK_FA_RR are both submitted on demand.
Implementing SAF-T as a business
SAF-T requires additional data to analyse and authenticate the accuracy of documentation. All data submitted in the SAF-T consolidated submission must be accurate and complete to ensure compliance.
Data for SAF-T requirements is often extracted from multiple sources for a single report and combining this data can be difficult.
The data required for SAF-T differs significantly from other reporting obligations that businesses might be familiar with. The XML format required for reports makes it difficult to review, compare or test reports ahead of submissions.
As well as Poland’s SAF-T requirements, taxpayers need to also be aware of the KSeF e-invoicing mandate. Poland’s continuous transaction control (CTC) e-invoicing system is mandatory as of 1 July 2024, expanding to VAT-exempt taxpayers in 2025. Read this overview for a general introduction toPoland VAT compliance.
JPK_VAT with a declaration is an electronic document that includes both VAT records, combining information on purchases and sales and VAT returns (VAT-7M and VAT-7K).
Yes, SAF-T is mandatory in Poland. JPK VAT with a declaration must be sent to the tax authority on a periodic basis, while other types of JPKs are sent on demand.
Failure to comply with the SAF-T requirements in Poland can lead to penal and fiscal sanctions, based on a misdemeanor or a felony. If the value of the reduction of the tax liability exceeds PLN 10,000, it is a crime.
Submission of JPK_VAT with the declaration (JPK_V7M and JPK_V7K) is on the 25th day of the month following the reporting period. Other JPKs are submitted to tax authorities within three days after receiving a request from the tax authority.
Our Solution capabilities for Poland SAF-T
Data Extraction
Painlessly aggregate and consolidate data from a wide range of source systems complying with Poland’s SAF-T requirements including JPK files.
Check the accuracy, integrity and quality of complex data structures required by Poland SAF-T to give you peace of mind before you submit your JPK files to the tax authority.
Ensure that all required data sets from accounting entries, sales and purchase transactions, asset depreciation, stock movements and more, are mapped seamlessly into Poland’s JPK schema, ready to be analyzed and submitted to the tax authority.
E-invoicing in Romania is developing fast. With a current B2G and High Fiscal Risk B2B mandate already in place and a new obligation facing all companies with operations in Romania from 1 Jan. 2024, it can be hard to stay on top of your business’ requirements. Failing to comply with Romania’s e-invoicing and e-reporting mandates will result in penalties, but more importantly, it will lead to invalid tax invoices – which don’t allow for VAT deduction – and, ultimately, may also trigger protracted tax audits, so it is crucial that you are aware of your requirements.
CTC Type E-invoice clearance coupled with e-reporting requirements for transactions carried out between January and July 2024 with public institutions
Network Centralised network where the e-invoice exchange is primarily processed through the RO e-Factura platform
Format UBL 2.1 XML format file following CIUS RO national validation rules
eSignature Requirement Digital Seal applied by the Ministry of Finance
Romania B2B e-invoicing
CTC Type E-invoice clearance coupled with e-reporting requirements for transactions carried out by VAT-registered entities
Network Centralised network where e-invoice exchange is primarily processed through the RO e-Factura platform
Format UBL 2.1 XML format file following CIUS RO national validation rules
eSignature Requirement Digital Seal applied by the Ministry Of Finance
Archiving Requirement 10 years
E-invoicing and e-reporting regulations in Romania
Romania introduced e-invoicing on a voluntary basis in November 2021 for B2G and April 2022 for B2B transactions. Romania’s Government Emergency Order no. 120/2021 implemented the RO E-Factura platform, the country’s e-invoicing system.
From July 2022, e-invoicing became mandatory for B2G and B2B transactions of so-called ‘high fiscal risk products’ following article II of Law no. 139/2022.
Romania applied for a derogation from the EU VAT Directive, aiming to implement a broader B2G and B2B e-invoicing and e-reporting mandate. The EU Council granted derogation in July 2023, allowing Romania to implement mandatory e-invoicing from 2024. The enacting of Law no. 296/2023 provides a new B2G and B2B e-invoicing mandate coupled with e-reporting requirements.
What is RO e-Factura?
RO e-Factura was officially launched in November 2021 as a voluntary clearance program for e-invoices, devised in an effort to streamline Romania’s tax collection. Users of e-Factura issue and submit their electronic invoices in a structured XML format through the system. Invoices are then cleared (following certain schema checks) and a digital seal is applied.
The RO E-Factura platform enables the automatic exchange of electronically issued invoices between entities registered in the system.
Romania B2B e-invoicing and e-reporting
B2B e-invoicing is already in play for transactions that include products deemed a high tax risk, including:
Fruit and vegetables
Alcoholic beverages
Mineral products
Construction materials
Clothing and footwear
Following the recently published mandate, B2B e-invoicing requirements will extend to all products. From January 2024, established and VAT-registered entities are required to report B2B domestic transaction invoices to the RO E-Factura platform within five days of issuance. From July 2024, invoices issued in transactions between established entities must be issued electronically through the RO E-Factura platform.
If, however, taxpayers fail to issue the invoice electronically through the RO E-factura platform, they are obligated to submit it to the RO e-Factura platform within five calendar days.
Romania B2G e-invoicing
From 1 July 2022, Romanian taxpayers were obliged to issue e-invoices, submitting them through the RO e-Factura system, when conducting business with the public sector. This obligation was namely within the context of certain public procurement contracts.
Romania’s e-invoicing mandate has expanded the scope of B2G invoicing in Romania which will apply to all transactions with public institutions from 2024.
Romania e-Transport system
Romania’s e-Transport system, often referred to as RO e-Transport, is used to monitor products when they are being transported. Coupled with the implementation of the CTC mandate, this is another reform that the nation has devised as part of its plan to combat tax fraud and evasion.
The application procedure of the RO e-Transport system has been approved by the joint Order of the National Agency for Fiscal Administration (ANAF) and the Romanian Customs Authority (AVR) no. 1190/4625/2022, with penalties applicable from October 2022.
The RO e-Transport system requires taxpayers to declare the movement of goods from one location to another, in advance of said movement. Once declared, it issues a number on the transport documents which is to be verified by authorities en route.
Timeline: e-invoicing & e-reporting adoption in Romania
The implementation of e-invoicing in Romania has been done in stages. This is a brief timeline of its adoption:
March 2020: E-invoicing system e-Factura is launched as a pilot program.
October 2020: Government Emergency Ordinance (GEO) no. 120/2021 introduced the legal framework for the implementation of e-Factura.
November 2021: Start of the voluntary phase for issuance of e-invoices for B2G transactions.
April 2022: Invoices for B2B transactions of high fiscal risk transactions can be voluntarily submitted in e-Factura.
July 2022: It is now mandatory to issue invoices for B2B transactions of high fiscal risk products through the RO e-Factura platform.
January 2024: For B2B transactions, established taxable persons and VAT registered entities must report invoices in the e-Factura system within five days of issuance.
April 2024: End of three-month grace period for e-invoicing mandate. Penalties will apply to non-compliant taxpayers.
July 2024: The system will shift to an invoice clearance system for B2B transactions between established taxpayers.
Benefits of e-invoicing
From a business perspective, e-invoicing offers several benefits when compared to traditional invoicing. Benefits may include:
Saving costs by reducing paper, postage and manual labour
Saving time by using structured, automated electronic systems and processes
Increased compatibility and interoperability across businesses with initiatives like PEPPOL
Enhanced security can be achieved with the validation and authentication of systems like e-Factura
How to choose the right e-invoicing software in Romania
Considering the ever-evolving nature of regulations and mandates surrounding newer technologies and platforms like RO e-Factura, it is important that your business identifies and utilises the right software. The cost of using e-invoicing software that does not update with changes to regulations is not desirable for any organisation.
Setting up e-invoicing and e-reporting in Romania with Sovos
Get in touch with a Sovos expert to explore setting up e-invoicing and e-reporting in Romania.
The future of e-invoicing in Romania has already arrived. Following the EU Council’s derogatory decision to allow Romania to implement mandatory e-invoicing, Romania published a more comprehensive B2B mandate with a 2024 roll-out date. The new law requires businesses to issue structured electronic invoices for transactions to both business and public sector entities, and it applies to established and VAT-registered entities.
The looming implementation of VAT in the Digital Age in the EU may deliver more changes in Romania, however. Aiming to digitise the European VAT system, this proposal is generating a lot of uncertainty for businesses that conduct operations in the EU as it includes requirements for digital reporting and e-invoicing – as well as changes to VAT registration
While the future of tax in the European Union may be uncertain, you can rely on Sovos to help you navigate the digital landscape. Bookmark this page to stay up to date with the latest developments.
Additional obligations for VAT compliance in Romania
While it’s important to ensure your business complies with Romania’s e-invoicing requirements should it qualify, there are other obligations that require attention – including general VAT Compliance and the Romanian SAF-T mandate.
The cost of non-compliance may be severe, but our materials and experts can be the helping hand you need to ensure you are meeting your obligations.
E-invoicing will be mandatory for all B2B transactions in Romania from 1 July 2024, adding to the existing electronic invoicing requirements for B2G and high fiscal risk B2B transactions.
Between January and June 2024, established entities are required to report their B2B invoices to the RO e-Factura platform within five days of issuance. This reporting obligation applies to VAT-registered entities from January 2024 onwards.
Should a taxpayer in scope of the e-invoicing and e-reporting mandate not comply with its e-invoicing obligations, they may receive a fine. From April 2024 (at which time the 3-month grace period ends) 2024, large non-compliant taxpayers may be fined between 5,000-10,000 RON, and others may expect a financial penalty between 500-2,500 RON, when failing to meet the e-reporting requirements set forth. From July 2024, non-compliance with the with the issuance and receipt of e-invoices will result in a fine equal to 15% of the total invoice amount.
As CTCs and e-invoicing continue to grow in global adoption, it is vital to partner with a provider that closely monitors the decisions of tax administrations and understands the regulations you face. Sovos can help.
One of the largest spirits companies in the world, Brown-Forman turned to Sovos for help with several challenges it was facing surrounding changing e-invoicing regulations. The company needed a solution that would monitor and implement the fiscal requirements of the countries it operated in.
With Sovos e-invoicing compliance in place, Brown-Forman was able to redeploy its resources to core business functions knowing that its e-invoicing requirements were being met – both in the present and the future.
