Cross-border trade requires navigating complex regulations, customs requirements, and tax laws – with compliance being essential to avoid costly penalties.
Recent mandates in Romania highlight these challenges, emphasising the need for up-to-date knowledge. Businesses trading across the EU must understand country-specific mandates, like VAT obligations and e-invoicing, especially for companies which are VAT-registered in multiple countries.
The Government of the Republic of Slovenia has released a draft proposal to implement mandatory e-invoicing and e-reporting for B2B and B2C transactions. This implementation would mark a significant shift in the country’s e-invoicing landscape.
Should the proposal be approved, taxpayers will be subject to a two-fold obligation: they must issue and exchange B2B invoices electronically and report B2B and B2C transactional data to the tax authority. Although clearance will not be required in the e-invoice issuance process, transactional data must be reported to the tax authority in near real-time, which shows that Slovenia is aligning with the global trend of governments implementing Continuous Transaction Controls (CTC).
Taxpayers under scope are all business entities registered in Slovenia’s Business Register (PRS), including companies, self-employed entities and associations. To register in the PRS, business entities must have a registered office or address in the territory of the Republic of Slovenia.
This new system also introduces a decentralised reporting and exchange model facilitated by registered service providers, called e-route providers. These are similar to the network exchange requirements in France and those planned for Spain.
The proposed mandatory e-invoicing and CTC e-reporting will be introduced from 1 June 2026.
E-invoicing requirements
The e-invoicing mandate would require taxpayers to issue, send and receive e-invoices and other e-documents for B2B domestic transactions.
Under the Slovenian proposal, e-invoices refer to an invoice or similar accounting document that records business transactions, regardless of what they are called. This includes credit notes, debit notes, advance invoices, payment requests, etc.
There are multiple supported formats for the exchange of e-invoices:
e-SLOG standard, developed by the Chamber of Commerce of Slovenia, which is compatible with EN16931 and already in use in the B2G sector
European standard EN 16931 for e-invoices, as per Directive 2014/55/EU
Other internationally recognised standards agreed mutually by the parties
The proposal allows three methods for e-invoice issuance and exchange:
E-route providers, which are registered service providers facilitating the issuance and exchange of e-invoices and e-documents.
Direct exchange between the issuer and recipient’s information systems (excluding e-mail transmission)
The authority’s free application for taxpayers with a smaller business volume
In cases where the issuer and recipient use e-invoice different standards, if using e-route providers, the recipient’s provider must convert the e-invoice to the syntax accepted by the recipient.
Regarding B2C transactions, consumers will have the option to receive either e-invoices or paper invoices. This must be agreed upon by the parties. If an e-invoice is issued, suppliers will be obliged to provide a visualised content version (e.g., PDF).
CTC e-reporting requirements
The proposal states that taxpayers must electronically report B2B and B2C transactional data, including cross-border transactions, to the Financial Administration of the Republic of Slovenia (FURS) within eight days of invoice issuance or receipt. Reporting must be done exclusively in the e-SLOG standard.
The reporting requirement extends to B2C and cross-border transactions, regardless of whether an invoice was issued electronically. This ensures that transactions such as these, for which e-invoicing is not mandatory, are reported to the FURS allowing it a comprehensive collection of taxpayers’ transactional data.
The selected method for e-invoice exchange will impact the e-reporting of transactional data. If the parties use e-route providers, both the issuer’s and recipient’s providers must send the e-invoice to FURS. For direct exchanges, both parties must separately report their transactions to FURS.
E-route provider requirements
The draft establishes obligations and certain technical requirements applicable to e-route providers. According to the Slovenian government, the requirements to become an e-route provider are comparable to those in France but without the need for certification
However, the public authorities will maintain a list of registered e-route service providers who must fulfil certain requirements, some of which are already listed in the draft law. The proposal does not state explicit local registration/establishment rules for e-route providers. The government will publish further regulations detailing the application process and other applicable requirements.
Next steps
The government must take certain crucial steps before enforcing the mandate. The Parliament must officially approve the draft law before the requirements are confirmed.
Moreover, publication of the technical specifications and further regulations are awaited, including details of the data reporting methods to the tax authority. Slovenia will need to apply for a derogation from the VAT Directive with the EU Commission to enforce mandatory B2B e-invoicing before the adoption of ViDA (VAT in the Digital Age).
For businesses operating in Slovenia, this will mean impactful changes to their outbound and inbound processes by 1 June 2026. This includes the acquisition of software or update of their systems to issue, send and receive e-invoices, adapting to the allowed e-invoicing formats and connecting to the FURS or availing the services of e-route providers to electronically report their data.
Have questions about how these changes could affect your operations? Ask our team of experts.
Singapore E-invoicing
While electronic invoicing is not mandated yet on any level in Singapore, the country’s tax authority is working on implementing a continuous transaction control (CTC) reporting model.
Singapore’s push towards digitalization was evidenced by the launch of its e-invoicing standard framework in 2018. Singapore was the first country outside Europe to adopt PEPPOL. The PEPPOL Business Interoperability Specifications (BIS) for e-invoicing and the PEPPOL eDelivery Network have been live since 2019.
The Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS) has announced the implementation of a phased adoption of InvoiceNow, the national e-invoicing framework based on the PEPPOL network, for invoicing data transmission. It will start voluntarily for GST-registered businesses in May 2025. The mandate will only cover B2B transactions; the government is expected to make B2G mandatory in the coming years.
Bookmark this page and revisit it often to stay on top of upcoming obligations.
Format Currently both Singapore BIS Billing 3.0 (PEPPOL) and Singapore (SG) PEPPOL PINT are allowed; PEPPOL PINT will be used exclusively from 2025.
eSignature Requirement Ensuring integrity and authenticity is required, an e-signature is one method of assurance.
Archiving Requirement Five years
Singapore B2G e-invoicing
Network InvoiceNow.
Format Currently both Singapore BIS Billing 3.0 (PEPPOL) and Singapore (SG) PEPPOL PINT are allowed; PEPPOL PINT will be used exclusively from 2025.
eSignature Requirement Ensuring integrity and authenticity is required, an e-signature is one method of assurance.
Archiving Requirement Five years.
E-invoicing in Singapore: Requirements and regulations
Currently, there is no mandate for using e-invoices in Singapore. However, taxpayers can connect to the PEPPOL network to send and receive e-invoices. Singapore’s IMDA is a PEPPOL authority and, as such, those who choose to send invoices electronically through the InvoiceNow network must meet the format requirements:
Singapore BIS Billing 3.0 (PEPPOL) or Singapore (SG) PEPPOL PINT, though the latter will become the only applicable format from 2025.
E-reporting in Singapore: Requirements and regulations
Singapore is implementing a CTC reporting mandate, utilizing the nation’s InvoiceNow PEPPOL framework. The implementation of this mandate sees a move away from a PEPPOL 4 corner model, instead adopting a PEPPOL 5 corner model with taxpayers transmitting invoice data to the IRAS, the nation’s tax authority.
Invoice data from both sales and purchases needs to be reported to the tax authority. Reporting requirements for “PEPPOL e-invoices” is real-time. For invoices issued outside InvoiceNow (“solution extracted invoices”), reporting is within a specific deadline with weekly submission recommended, no later than the return due date.
Accredited Access Points (AP) are the only parties allowed to submit invoice data to IRAS using C5 API – Sovos is an accredited AP in Singapore.
The implementation of this e-reporting obligation is included in the implementation timeline below.
Singapore’s E-invoicing and E-reporting Implementation timeline
Digitalization is on a storied journey towards implementation in Singapore. Here are the important dates:
May 2018: Singapore’s IMDA became the first PEPPOL Authority outside of Europe
January 2019: The nation’s e-invoicing network, later named InvoiceNow, launched
March 2020: Singapore launches Registration Grant to incentivise businesses to join the network
1 May 2025: B2B e-reporting is implemented for voluntary early adoption by GST-registered businesses
1 November 2025: B2B e-reporting is implemented for newly incorporated companies that register for GST voluntarily
PEPPOL in Singapore
Singapore’s Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) became the first PEPPOL Authority outside of Europe in May 2018. Later, it launched its e-invoicing network with an initial 11 Access Point providers.
The network is established on the PEPPOL framework, helping businesses exchange documents electronically. As a PEPPOL Authority, IMDA can:
Approve and certify PEPPOL Access Point providers in Singapore
Accredit PEPPOL-ready solution providers in Singapore
Govern the compliance of businesses to the PEPPOL framework
Specify country-specific rules and technical standards under the PEPPOL framework – namely SG PEPPOL BIS and SG PEPPOL PINT format
While Singapore encourages businesses to issue and receive invoices electronically through its InvoiceNow system, it has not yet mandated e-invoicing between businesses. The mandatory e-reporting using InvoiceNow will start from 1 November 2025 for newly incorporated companies that register for GST voluntarily.
InvoiceNow is a nationwide e-invoicing initiative by The Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) that helps SMEs and large enterprises streamline invoicing. The aim is to provide a faster and more sustainable way to transact, nationwide and worldwide.
PEPPOL is a standard for sending electronic invoices to public sector clients (in other words, for B2G transactions) throughout the EU – and beyond. Singapore was the first PEPPOL-approved authority outside of Europe.
Meet the Sovos team in Prague where Anna Norden, Sovos’Principal, Regulatory Affairswill be sharing an update on the CIAT Digitalization Classification Matrix. The team will also be waiting to greet you at the Sovos stand to discuss all things e-invoicing.
Sovos invites you to meet the team in London and hear Ryan Ostilly, our VP, Product Management share strategies for harnessing tax compliance measures as a force for growth within your organisation.
Sovos are delighted to support this year’s event as Platinum sponsors. Meet the team and learn more about our Indirect Tax Suite and how it can benefit your business.
The Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS) has announced the implementation of a phased adoption of InvoiceNow, the national e-invoicing framework based on the Peppol network, for GST registered businesses starting voluntarily in May 2025. The mandate will cover B2B transactions only, as the government is expected to make B2G mandatory in the coming years.
What is InvoiceNow?
InvoiceNow is a nationwide e-invoicing initiative by The Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) for SMEs and large enterprises to streamline their invoicing for a faster and more sustainable way to transact, nationwide and worldwide.
What’s the timeline?
Singapore’s nationwide e-invoicing network was first announced in 2019 and has recently been referred to as InvoiceNow. The mandate will require GST registered businesses to use InvoiceNow solutions to transmit invoice data to IRAS. The transmission of invoice data to IRAS will be done through Peppol Access Point (AP) service providers, extending the traditional four corner e-delivery model to a fifth corner model.
The mandate will be implemented in phases, as follows:
From 1 May 2025, for voluntary early adoption by GST-registered businesses, as a soft launch.
From 1 November 2025, for newly incorporated companies that register for GST voluntarily.
From 1 April 2026, for all new voluntary GST-registrants.
Even though an implementation timeline for all businesses has not been shared yet, further updates are expected in the future.
Sovos is here to help
Saphety Level – Trusted Services, S.A is an IMDA-certified Peppol service provider in Singapore. Our regulatory experts can connect to the InvoiceNow network on your behalf.
e-invoicing in Germany
Germany, like many European countries, is on its way to implementing electronic invoicing requirements for domestic taxpayers of all shapes and sizes. However, e-invoicing is yet to be fully implemented and mandated in the country.
E-invoicing in Germany is currently divided by transaction type. There are national and federal requirements for B2G transactions, but the time hasn’t come for B2B transactions to utilise e-invoices yet. This will begin to change in 2025, and by 2028, all German businesses will be mandated to send and receive invoices electronically.
With Germany’s e-invoicing rollout fragmented and intensive to follow, use this page as your go-to overview to ensure you meet your obligations. Bookmark this page and revisit it whenever you need a reminder of the current requirements.
From January 2025, taxpayers must be able to receive electronic invoices. Sending and receiving e-invoices will become mandatory in Germany from 1 January 2027, applying to companies with an annual turnover exceeding EUR 800,000. From January 2028, it will apply to all companies.
This go-live date for German B2B e-invoicing was set in March 2024 when the Bundesrat passed the law known as ‘Wachstumschancengesetz’.
Germany B2G e-invoicing
E-invoicing is mandated when trading with public administrations, though it’s divided at a federal state level. There is a national mandate, but it runs alongside its 16 federal states – each of which has legislative freedom to develop its own e-invoicing platform.
The following German federal states have implemented e-invoicing for governmental transactions:
Baden-Württemberg
Bavaria
Berlin
Bremen
Hamburg
Hessen
Lower Saxony
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
North Rhine-Westphalia
Rhineland-Palatinate
Saarland
Saxony
Saxony-Anhalt
Schleswig-Holstein
Thuringia
The aforementioned European Directive (2014/55/EU) requires member-state government entities to be able to receive and handle electronic invoices according to the CEN standard, EN 16931.
Timeline: e-invoicing adoption in Germany
The implementation of e-invoicing in Germany can be hard to follow. Here are the main dates you need to know:
April 2017: Germany publishes its e-Bill law
18 April 2020: Federal states implement mandatory e-invoicing in public procurement
27 November 2020: Public authorities must receive e-invoices from state authorities
July 2023: Germany’s Federal Ministry of Finance presents draft legislation for mandatory e-invoicing
22 March 2024: Germany’s Federal Council approves a legislative package that includes the introduction of mandatory e-invoicing
1 January 2025: German taxpayers must be able to receive e-invoices from their suppliers (B2B)
1 January 2027: German taxpayers with an annual turnover of at least EUR 800,000 must issue e-invoices for B2B transactions
1 January 2028: Remaining German taxpayers must issue e-invoices for B2B transactions
Benefits of e-invoicing in Germany
Implementing electronic invoicing can benefit taxpayers by automating processes. Not only can this save time and headspace, it can also significantly reduce the risk of errors by removing the need for people to input and handle data manually.
Future of e-invoicing in Germany
While it’s now clear that there’s more to come on the e-invoicing front in Germany, there’s a larger initiative that could shift how the technology is implemented in the country – and across EU Member States at large.
VAT in the Digital Age is a proposal to digitize the European VAT system, implementing digital reporting and e-invoicing, among other new, innovative tax solutions.
It’s worth noting that while Germany is still working on implementing e-invoicing for all resident taxpayers, many countries are further along in their electronic invoicing journey. Global tax compliance can be tough, considering the nuances of each country’s tax digitization journey, but Sovos can help – wherever you do business.
Additional obligations for VAT compliance in Germany
While electronic invoicing is an important component of tax compliance in Germany, organisations have other obligations to stay on top of.
Staying updated with regulatory expectations becomes even more complicated when you consider the evolving nature of laws. Not only do you need to meet your current obligations, but you also need to stay on top of what’s to come – this is demanding in terms of both time and resources.
Non-compliance can be costly, but you don’t need to fall behind. Find out more about German VAT compliance with our dedicated overview.
B2G e-invoicing is mandatory in Germany, and B2B e-invoicing is currently scheduled to come into effect from 1 January 2027 for companies with an annual turnover exceeding EUR 800,000.
The ZRE stands for Zentrale Rechnungseingangsplattform des Bundes, which translates as Central Invoice Submission Portal. ZRE is a web portal that allows suppliers and service providers to send electronic invoices to federal entities.
ZUGFeRD is a hybrid e-invoicing format that includes human-readable (PDF/A-3) and machine-interpretable invoice data. It’s based on XML, allowing invoices to be sent as attachments or embedded within an email.
ZUGFeRD meets the requirements of the European standard (EN 16931).
XRechnung is a standard for electronic invoicing that the German government accepted in late 2020. It was devised as a standard for converting invoice information into an XML data file, serving as an e-invoice.
XRechnung also meets the requirements of the European standard (EN 16931).
B2G e-invoicing has been mandated at a national level since mid-2019, meaning that all Member State government agencies must be able to receive and manage electronic invoices.
Elsewhere, here’s the timeline for B2B e-invoicing in the country:
From January 2025, all German taxpayers must be able to receive electronic invoices from their suppliers.
From January 2027, all German taxpayers with an annual turnover of over EUR 800,000 must issue electronic invoices.
From January 2028, all German taxpayers must issue and receive electronic invoices.
When transacting with federal contracting authorities, you should send an electronic invoice through the relevant state’s individual transmission platform.
Setting up e-invoicing in Germany with Sovos
B2B e-invoicing has yet to be implemented in Germany, but it provides yet another obligation for organisations to meet once it is. Then, consider the other countries where you do business and the stages they may be at in their tax digitization journeys.
One solution is to pay attention to evolving mandates and regulations everywhere you operate. The more freeing solution is to appoint a single tax compliance partner, like Sovos, to do the busy work for you.
Trusted by the world’s best companies, including half the Fortune 500, Sovos’ solutions provide global compliance through local expertise.
VAT Compliance in Germany: An Overview for Businesses
Tax compliance in Germany is fragmentary by nature and requires resources to ensure compliance. Consider that compliance for many German taxpayers requires meeting several mandates, and the fact that such regulations are updated often, and you understand the challenge taxpayers have to undertake. From VAT to IPT, multiple moving parts demand precious time and resources.
This page is your overview of all tax compliance obligations across Germany. To keep up with evolving requirements, be sure to bookmark and revisit frequently.
Germany VAT compliance can be resource-heavy to stay on top of due to the many requirements imposed on taxpayers. These include:
Periodic VAT return
Monthly 10th day of the month following the end of the tax period
Quarterly 10th day of the month following the end of the tax period
Annual VAT Return
Annual 31st May of the year following the reporting year
EU Sales and Purchases List
Monthly 25th day of the month following the end of the tax period (for goods once sales pass EUR 100,000 annually)
Quarterly
25th day of the month following the end of the tax period (for services and goods when sales are under EUR 100,000 annually)
Intrastat
Monthly 10th day of the month following the relevant month
VAT rates
19%
7%
0% and Exempt
Intrastat thresholds
Arrivals: EUR 800,000 Dispatches: EUR 500,000
VAT Rules in Germany
Germany e-invoicing
E-invoicing is on its way for all taxpayers in Germany, but complete coverage is not here just yet.
Electronic invoicing is currently divided by transaction type. While there are national and federal requirements for B2G transactions, electronic B2B invoices are still not mandated.
Taxpayers may find Germany’s e-invoicing scheme complicated due to its fragmented status, and the fact that more updates are coming. Our dedicated Germany e-invoicing page can help you to meet your compliance obligations.
Requirements to register for VAT in Germany
Companies established within the EU but outside of Germany typically do not have to register for VAT in the country. However, there are exceptions which would require a foreign business to have to register for VAT – including:
Buying and selling domestically without the goods leaving the country
Holding products in a German warehouse and selling to German customers
Importing into and selling goods in Germany from another EU Member State
Intra-community supplies (moving goods between Germany and other EU Member States)
Organising live events in Germany – whether for art, education or a conference
Selling via an electronic marketplace in Germany
More exceptions and other nuanced situations may require VAT registration in Germany. Contact us for more information.
IPT in Germany
Insurance Premium Tax (IPT) is another tax obligation in Germany to consider.
IPT in Germany is complex, providing numerous elements for insurers, brokers and other applicable parties to track – from rates to law changes. Just a handful of years ago, Germany underwent sweeping Insurance Tax Act reforms that caused uncertainty in the insurance market.
Put simply, Insurance Premium Tax is made up of five key elements. Together, the following determine the tax:
Import VAT, known as Einfuhrumsatzsteuer in Germany, is a unique form of VAT that foreign taxpayers must know. It is charged by the country’s customs authorities when goods are imported into Germany from countries outside the EU.
Companies established outside of EU Member States must pay import VAT in Germany, including when using ports in Bremen and Hamburg. However, foreign taxpayers oftentimes can apply for reimbursement of import VAT they have paid if they register in Germany.
Invoicing requirements in Germany
German VAT invoices have strict requirements to be legally valid. Required invoice contents include:
Issuance date
Unique invoice number
VAT identification number for the supplier
VAT rate(s), VAT amount(s), and total gross amount
Supplier and buyer full addresses
Description of the goods or services (plus quantities if supplying goods)
Total value of the invoice
Details in case of zero VAT, reverse charging, intra-community supply, etc
Registration for OSS in Germany
Cross-border trade in the EU for B2C transactions was simplified with the implementation of the One Stop Shop (OSS) scheme as part of the 2021 EU E-Commerce VAT Package.
To register for OSS in Germany, taxpayers must use the ELSTER.de portal. However, this requires an ELSTER certification, which is given to companies that have registered, paid VAT or submitted a tax return in Germany.
Devised to simplify EU VAT compliance, the VAT Import One Stop Shop (IOSS) consolidates your intra-EU activities into a single VAT return.
Businesses or their local representatives must submit an electronic application to the BZSt to register for IOSS in Germany. Taxpayers who pay VAT must also specify their VAT registration number.
Intrastat is an obligation for particular companies that trade internationally in the European Union. Specifically, it relates to the movement of goods across EU Member States.
Despite their being similar enforcements across the EU, Member States have chosen to implement Intrastat rules differently and they each have their own Intrastat threshold that triggers reporting. In Germany, there is a declaration threshold of EUR 800,000 for arrivals and EUR 500,000 for dispatches in 2024.
Germany issues VAT refunds monthly or quarterly, depending on the business’ filing frequency. The tax authorities transfer the refund to the bank account the business provided when it registered.
The standard VAT rate in Germany is 19%, applying to most goods and services. There’s a reduced rate of 7% for the likes of books, cultural services, medical and dental care.
The VAT registration threshold for taxpayers in Germany is EUR 10,000, providing they haven’t opted to pay VAT in Germany through the EU’s One Stop Shop scheme.
In Germany, VAT is due when the tax point occurs. It can be paid from the day after the end of the reporting period to the due date of the VAT return being paid.
Germany does not require companies outside the EU to appoint a fiscal representative for tax purposes. Businesses can choose whether to appoint a local representative or register directly with the appropriate tax office in Germany.
In Germany, the tax point determines when VAT is due. For goods, it is typically the time of delivery. For services, it is when the service is completed.
The tax office automatically sends a tax ID number to newly registered German addresses within three weeks of registration. It will come via mail; a duplicate can be obtained from the Finanzamt.
The delivery threshold in Germany is EUR 10,000. If a Germany-based supplier delivers goods to a customer in another European company under EUR 10,000, they will pay VAT in Germany as the threshold has not been reached.
How Sovos can help with VAT compliance in Germany
The fragmented aspect of tax compliance in Germany can be demanding on resources, especially when keeping current on future updates and implementations. Sovos is a single vendor with global and local tax expertise that allows you to future-proof your tax compliance.
Choosing Sovos as a partner means choosing to reclaim your time, allowing you to focus on what matters: growing your business.
Complete the form below to speak with one of our e-invoicing experts
Climate-related events are an issue that impacts all industries, and the insurance industry is certainly no exception.
Beyond the challenges that insurers face in assessing the likelihood of weather-related events and natural disasters, there are also difficulties affecting Insurance Premium Tax (IPT) as countries look at ways to ensure they can fund responses to the consequences of these events. Some of these are not direct IPT measures but inevitably impact IPT, whereas others are direct IPT-related measures.
A gradual shift towards mandatory natural catastrophe insurance?
Natural catastrophe coverage is often an optional add-on to property insurance. In some countries, however, that is not the case – such coverage is mandatory. France and Spain are examples of this, with regimes in place involving the Caisse Centrale de Réassurance (CCR) and Consorcio de Compensación de Seguros (CCS), respectively.
Against a background of increasing costs due to natural disasters, recent months have seen other European countries follow suit with similar laws or proposals. Italy, for example, passed a law in late 2023 which requires companies to take out insurance policies by the end of 2024 to cover natural disasters occurring in the country. The government has authorised an Italian insurer to provide reinsurance of such risks like CCR in France, up to certain limits.
Germany and Slovenia have also seen resolutions or proposals for similar laws. In Germany, the Federal Council has called on the government to introduce mandatory natural catastrophe insurance. This is in light of the insurance protection gap relating to such coverage of properties. It remains to be seen whether the government will act based on this.
The increasing costs of weather-related events have triggered Slovenia’s national programme for protecting against natural disasters in the coming years, and a discussion of mandatory state insurance was recommended.
Additional premium amounts paid for natural catastrophe insurance can be expected to attract IPT and any applicable parafiscal charges due in these countries.
Changes in IPT due to increasing costs of climate-related events
Weather-related events have also been cited as a reason for various premium taxation changes. In France, the additional premium rates due on risks which trigger natural catastrophe coverage (property and fire, as well as certain motor coverage) are increasing. Most notably, for property and fire risks, the premium rate is increasing from 12% to 20%. As IPT is due on this additional premium, this will significantly increase the IPT due on these policies.
Climate-related issues have had a major impact on levies used to fund emergency services due on property insurance in some states in Australia, specifically New South Wales and Tasmania. There is increasing pressure to reform the levies (with mixed success) due to the spiraling costs of responding to natural disasters. The levies result in huge increases to premium values, so the Insurance Council of Australia, amongst others, has urged the states to find a more sustainable way to fund emergency services.
Sovos actively monitors changes that impact IPT and is best positioned to advise if you have any IPT queries. Contact our experts today for more information.
The taxation of insurance premiums in Hungary is unique, both in terms of the technique used to calculate the tax and how it is governed.
Regarding calculating Insurance Premium Tax (IPT), Hungary is the only country in the EU where the regime uses the so-called sliding scale rate model. It applies to both IPT and the extra profit tax on insurance premium amounts (EPTIPT), also known as the supplemental insurance tax.
The insurance premium tax law (Act of 102/2012) includes the rules of IPT. However, this law can be amended by a government decree. Government Decree of 197/2022 regulates the EPTIPT. The Hungarian Tax Office has issued guidance about the rules of insurance premium taxation, and both IPT and EPTIPT are declared on the same return template.
What kind of taxes are applicable in Hungary on insurance premium amounts?
In Hungary, insurance premium tax (IPT) and extra profit tax (EPTIPT) are levied on the premium amounts collected by the insurance companies.
What are the IPT tax rates in Hungary?
In Hungary, it is almost impossible to determine the rate and amount of the insurance premium tax for a single policy, because IPT and EPTIPT are levied on the aggregated amount of the collected insurance premium.
The sliding scale regime considers:
The amount of the collected premium in the year preceding the reporting period (i.e. threshold)
The amount of the collected premium in the reporting month (i.e. scales)
For IPT, the threshold is HUF 20 billion since April 2024. It was HUF 8 billion prior to that. EPTIPT has no such taxable premium threshold.
For IPT, the scale is:
Under HUT 250 million (HUF 100 million prior to April 2024)
Over HUF 250 million but under HUF 1.75 million
Over HUF 1.75 million (HUF 700 million prior to April 2024)
For IPT, the only exception from the sliding scale regime is the Class 10 motor third party liability insurance (MTPL) premium. IPT on MTPL premium is calculated differently, hence MTPL premium amount is not part of the aggregated taxable premium. The tax rate for MTPL premium is 23%.
EPTIPT’s scale differs from those of the IPT. Although the EPTIPT computation for non-life and life policies differs, the same scales apply. The EPTIPT scale is:
Under HUF 2 billion
Over HUF 2 billion but under HUF 36 billion
Over HUF 36 billion
The rates, as of 2024, are:
IPT: 10% and 15% for P&A policies and CASCO policies, respectively. These rates are reduced by 75% and 50% in the first two scales.
EPTIPT non-life policies: 2%, 4% and 12% respectively.
EPTIPT life policies: 1%, 1.5% and 5% respectively.
What is the basis of Insurance Premium Tax Calculation in Hungary?
The taxable basis is the insurance premium. The insurance premium is defined by the IPT Law (point 1 article 7 of Act 102/2012) as:
“The gross premium accounted for by the insurer based on accounting regulations for insurance services, including values not accounted for as gross premiums but considered as the countervalue for insurance services as coverage for insurance services, excluding premium income received from reinsurance taken from another insurance company, which is accounted for as gross income.”
MTPL premium amounts should not be considered for IPT’s sliding scale. However, the premium collected for MTPL is included in the EPTIPT non-life aggregated premium amount.
Are life and sickness policies exempt from Hungarian IPT?
Life policies are exempt from IPT, but EPTIPT is payable on premium amounts collected by insurance companies from life policies.
Sickness insurance is exempt from both IPT and EPTIPT.
Another notable exemption is the premium amount collected on certain agricultural policies.
What are Insurance Premium Tax challenges in Hungary?
Currently, the biggest challenge in Hungarian Premium Taxation is the legal environment. The Constitution and the law on special measurements in case of catastrophic environments allow the government to amend tax rules – including IPT – via governmental decrees, instead of actually changing the relevant tax law.
For example, in 2022, a governmental decree introduced a new tax: the extra profit tax on insurance premium amounts (known as supplemental IPT or EPTIPT). In 2024, the government published another decree to change the applicable brackets of the sliding scale for the IPT regime.
The Act on Insurance Premium Tax No 102/2023 was not changed in either of these cases.
Sovos’ IPT Determination solution enables you to confidently calculate and apply IPT rates at quotation. Real-time tax updates ensure tax rates and tax applicability are always accurate.
Want to ease the burden on your tax teams? Sovos’ IPT Managed Services provides support from our team of local language regulatory specialists who monitor and interpret IPT regulations around the world, including in Hungary, so you don’t have to.
As the global e-invoicing landscape continues to shift and develop, our quarterly VAT Snapshot webinar brings you all the details on the key regulatory changes to watch.
Join Dilara Inal and Marta Sowinska from our Regulatory Analysis and Design team for a 30-minute update on the latest developments in e-invoicing regulations across Europe and beyond.
This session will cover:
Estonia: Encouraging the use of e-invoicing
Latvia: Upcoming mandatory B2B and B2G e-invoicing
Germany: Approval of mandatory B2B e-invoicing by the German Parliament, effective from 2025
Israel: Current status of the e-invoicing clearance mandate
Ever-changing Insurance Premium Tax (IPT) rules and regulations can be challenging to keep up with, so staying on top of the latest developments in IPT compliance is key.
Join our insightful webinar where Sovos’ IPT experts Edit Buliczka, James Brown and Jake Thorne will deep dive into the intricacies of remaining compliant in Hungary and discussing the current and the potential future impacts of the climate change to the IPT regulations across Europe and beyond.
Remaining current with the latest regulatory revisions in VAT reporting and SAF-T requirements in Poland. This webinar will deliver a comprehensive overview of recent changes to ensure you thoroughly understand the evolving compliance landscape. Gain valuable insights into essential strategies and best practices for preparing for VAT audits, mitigating risks and avoiding penalties.
The EU Directive for VAT has laid the groundwork for a harmonised VAT system throughout the different Member States. However, the implementation of the EU VAT law within the national jurisdictions still creates a disparity between its application and conditions to be met, specifically regarding some of the intra-EU simplifications to be applicable.
Following a webinar covering regulatory updates alongside key points of the VAT recovery process, this blog aims to shed light on the crucial aspects of VAT recovery – especially fast-approaching deadlines.
Understanding the nuances of VAT recovery applications is essential for businesses seeking to optimise operational costs by recovering VAT incurred in a different country. Let’s explore the fundamental aspects of the VAT recovery process.
The VAT recovery process
Businesses can reclaim VAT incurred during their operations through VAT returns if registered in the country where costs are incurred. However, for those not registered and with no obligation to do as such, alternative routes such as the EU Refund Claim or 13th Directive procedure are available – provided specific criteria are met.
Before initiating a VAT refund claim, companies must carefully evaluate their taxable activities. Failure to identify taxable activity in the relevant country may result in the rejection of the VAT recovery application. In such cases, registering for VAT becomes imperative to facilitate input VAT recovery through VAT returns, subject to each country’s rules regarding retrospective VAT registration.
Recoverable expenses
The range of recoverable expenses varies across countries, encompassing equipment, tooling, event costs, professional fees, accommodation and so on. However, due to varying regulations, conducting a comprehensive recoverability assessment based on each country’s VAT legislation is crucial before applying.
Meeting deadlines
Adhering to deadlines is critical for successful VAT recovery.
EU businesses seeking VAT refunds from other Member States must submit an EU Refund Directive application by 30 September of the subsequent calendar year. Non-EU businesses aiming to reclaim VAT incurred in EU Member States should file a 13th Directive application by 30 June of the following year.
While some countries share a common deadline of 30 September, missing deadlines may restrict refund requests. Notably, even though in most cases, these deadlines cannot be extended, there are countries like the Netherlands where refund requests can be submitted to tax authorities up to five years back rather than just for the previous fiscal year.
Understanding reciprocity
Reciprocity agreements are pivotal in VAT refund claims, with most EU Member States mandating reciprocity. Understanding these laws is essential to avoid failed attempts at reclaiming VAT in non-reciprocal jurisdictions.
Recent updates include the UK-Italy agreement under the 13th VAT Directive, streamlining VAT refund claims for UK businesses. Notably, the deadline for a 13th directive application in Italy is September 30th, 2024, for all costs incurred during 2023 (i.e., purchase invoices dated in 2023). This represents a significant advancement toward streamlined cross-border VAT recovery processes for UK businesses. Additionally, it may be advantageous for businesses to revisit already submitted 13th Directive claims in Italy that were previously on hold due to the lack of reciprocity.
In conclusion, mastering the intricacies of VAT recovery empowers businesses to enhance financial efficiency and mitigate costs effectively. By navigating the essentials outlined above, businesses can embark on a journey toward unlocking their full VAT recovery potential.
In Austria, the insurance premium tax law regulates the indirect tax that applies to elements of coverage under a motor insurance policy. This blog details everything you need to know about this particular indirect tax in the country.
Which taxes are payable concerning motor insurance policies in Austria?
In Austria, Vehicle Insurance Tax (VIT), or the so-called motor-related insurance tax, is payable in relation to:
Motorcycles (classes L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e and L5e)
Passenger cars (class M1) under 3.5 tons of total gross weight
All other types of motor vehicles (e.g. light commercial vehicles of class N1) under 3.5 tons of total gross weight, though some exclusions apply (tractors, for example)
VIT is payable in addition to the 11% insurance premium tax (IPT).
How is VIT calculated for motor insurance policies in Austria?
The calculation of VIT is complex. The tax is determined by the type of vehicle, the engine capacity/displacement and CO2 emissions for motorbikes, the performance of the combustion engine and the emission in grams per kilometer for passenger automobiles and the power of the combustion engine for all other engine types.
The date of registration is another item to consider when calculating the amount of VIT. The computation for automobiles registered before 1 October 2020 is different, however.
The following rates are effective for passenger cars registered after 1 October 2020 are as follows:
EUR 0.72 per Kwatt of the power combustion engine
EUR 0.72 per gram of the value of CO2 emissions in grams per kilometre
In 2020, the first component, power, was lowered by 65 Kwatt, while the second component, emission, was reduced by 115 grams per kilometre. Since 2021, the deduction has been lowered annually. Every year, the first component is reduced by one and the second by three. As a result, in 2024, the deductions are 61 Kwatt and 103 grams per kilometre.
To complicate this further, the aforementioned calculation only applies to M1 passenger cars whose CO2 emissions were established using the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle) test method. If this process is not followed, the calculation will be different.
Special rates apply to motorhomes, motorcyclists and other multi-track motor vehicles.
The computed amount is due monthly. Prior to 2020, the regularity of the payment was another aspect to consider in the computation.
What vehicles are exempt from tax in Austria?
First and foremost, VIT is required on motor vehicles weighing up to 3.5 tonnes. If the vehicle’s weight exceeds this limit, another type of tax – motor vehicle tax – is due.
Electronic invoicing is mandatory for B2G supplies and optional for B2B and B2C supplies.
However, the Greek authorities want to implement a nationwide B2B e-invoicing mandate as part of the e-invoicing reform. The reform started in 2020 with the roll-out of the country’s e-audit scheme called myDATA.
E-invoicing requirements across B2G, B2B and B2C transactions vary, making it a demanding task to stay on top of compliance with the country’s e-invoicing regulations. This page details the current status quo and will be updated as changes are enforced – be sure to bookmark it and revisit it to stay compliant.
E-invoicing through an accredited e-invoicing service provider
Network
PEPPOL
Format of e-invoice
EN-compliant, PEPPOL BIS 3.0 (Greek CIUS)
eSignature Requirement
N/A
Archiving Requirement
5 years
Greece B2B e-invoicing
E-invoicing/CTC Type
Post-audit/Voluntary CTC e-invoicing (via an accredited e-invoicing service provider)
Network
Exchange not regulated (unless CTC e-invoicing is used)
Format of e-invoice
E-invoice format not regulated (EN-compliant, if CTC e-invoicing is used)
eSignature Requirement
N/A
Archiving Requirement
5 years
Greece B2C e-invoicing
Greece does not have a mandate for e-invoicing as far as B2C transactions are concerned. Fiscal devices currently used for issuing compliant invoices for B2C sales must follow new technical requirements for the connection and real-time reporting of B2C sales data to the myDATA platform (new generation online tax mechanisms).
E-Invoicing regulations in Greece
In Greece, there are several regulations relating to electronic invoicing. The regulations include:
The transposition of Directive 2014/55/EU mandates the government sector to receive electronic invoices.
Joint Ministerial Decision No. 52445 ΕΞ/2023, mandating the use of e-invoices for all sales made to the government.
Joint Ministerial Decision no. 63446/2021 (as amended by Joint Ministerial Decision no. 31781ΕΞ2022/2022), specifies the e-invoice format for B2G transactions which is compliant with the European standard (EN 16931).
The Ministerial Decision No. 1017/2020 specifies the e-invoice format for B2B transactions in the nation.
The Ministerial Decision No. A.1035/2020 dictates rules and regulations for accredited e-invoicing service providers.
Timeline: B2G e-invoicing adoption in Greece
The tax authority is rolling out the B2G e-invoicing mandate in phases. The mandate covers most public contracts, from defence to general supplies and services. The gradual implementation is ongoing, covering:
As of 12 September 2023, suppliers to some major government agencies (e.g. Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Digital Transformation, Ministry of Migration and Asylum, etc.).
As of 1 January 2024, suppliers to all central government agencies.
From 1 June 2024, suppliers to all other government authorities.
From 1 January 2025, other government expenses must be invoiced electronically (outside the scope of public procurement contracts).
Format of an e-invoice in Greece
Governments implement electronic invoices to simplify and standardise the transmission of data in transactions, and Greece is no different. The e-invoice format in B2G transactions is based on the European standard for e-invoicing (EN 16931) and PEPPOL BIS Billing 3.0.
The format of a B2B e-invoice in Greece is not regulated and largely falls in line with the obligations of the EU VAT Directive. Invoices must include information such as:
Issuance date
Date of supply
Supplier’s VAT number
Names and addresses of both supplier and customer
Full description and quantities of goods
Net taxable value
VAT rate and amount
CTC e-invoicing via an accredited e-invoicing service provider is voluntary. While Greece has yet to implement a nationwide B2B mandate, it has a set standard and format for taxpayers who issue e-invoices voluntarily. The e-invoice must be in a structured format compliant with the European standard.
Process of B2G e-invoicing in Greece
If you do business with a public sector entity in Greece, you must issue invoices electronically. Doing so requires you to follow a set process:
Prepare the e-invoice data and send it to the accredited e-invoicing service provider.
The e-invoicing service provider validates the invoice data before submitting it, using the respective services of the National Interoperability Center (KED), which is responsible for receiving all e-invoices by suppliers through the PEPPOL network.
The e-invoicing service provider reports certain invoice data in a structured format and according to specific technical specifications to the myDATA platform for clearance and receives back a unique registration number (MARK).
The e-invoicing service provider prepares the e-invoice based on the European standard, according to the Joint Ministerial Decision no. 63446/2021 (as amended by Joint Ministerial Decision no. 31781ΕΞ2022/2022).
The e-invoicing service provider submits the e-invoice to the Access Point of the National Interoperability Center through the PEPPOL network.
The National Interoperability Center receives and validates the e-invoice according to the European standard and national rules for e-invoicing.
The National Interoperability Center routes the e-invoice to the competent contracting authority.
The competent contracting authority handles the e-invoice according to their internal procurement and payment process.
Upon receipt of the e-invoice, the contracting authority sends a response message regarding the status of the e-invoice back to the supplier through the National Interoperability Centre and his e-invoicing service provider.
Benefits of using e-invoicing in Greece
Greece provides incentives for using CTC e-invoicing through accredited service providers, as per Law 4701/2020, for the 2020-2024 tax years.
These incentives include a reduction of the statute of limitation for fiscal matters by two years and a depreciation of twice the cost incurred for acquiring technical equipment and software required to implement electronic invoicing.
Implementing e-invoicing can also be beneficial by automating and standardising your processes, reducing the chance of clerical errors and freeing up resources.
Future of e-invoicing in Greece
While the future of e-invoicing in Greece is not set in stone, the end goal seems clear.
With Greece engaging in a dialogue with the European Commission over a nationwide e-invoicing mandate, there is a chance that electronic invoicing will become mandatory for B2B transactions.
Many European countries are looking to digitize their tax systems to increase transparency for tax authorities and reduce the VAT gap – Greece appears to be moving in this same direction.
Additional obligations for VAT compliance in Greece
Electronic invoicing and myDATA are important obligations for taxpayers in Greece to be aware of, but there are more compliance needs that many need to meet.
Consider the evolving nature of tax regulations. The number of obligations and the chance of change make meeting your obligations an ongoing, demanding task.
It’s vital that you are aware of what applies to your organisation, and how to stay on top of your requirements. Find out more about Greece VAT compliance through our dedicated overview, and bookmark the page to stay updated on any regulatory updates.
Electronic invoicing is mandatory for B2G supplies, as of September 2023, and optional for B2B and B2C supplies. However, invoice data for B2B, B2G and B2C supplies and other accounting data must be reported to the myDATA platform.
Since 2021, companies established in Greece have been required to electronically report accounting data through the myDATA system. The implementation timeline of the myDATA mandate is ongoing.
Greece’s myDATA is a reporting obligation of ledger-type data, and it is not to be confused with e-invoicing as it doesn’t require invoices to be issued and exchanged in electronic form.
Greece mandates e-invoices in B2G transactions and allows for invoices in B2B/B2C transactions to be issued and exchanged on paper or electronically, following the standard e-invoicing rules of the EU VAT Directive or the voluntary CTC e-invoicing scheme.
How Sovos can help
Sovos’ Compliance Cloud is a complete platform for tax compliance and regulatory reporting. The platform provides one place to identify, determine and report on global tax obligations, including those in Greece.
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