Marketplace Facilitator Tax Collection Responsibilities in Latin America

This blog was last updated on March 1, 2024

Marketplace Facilitators and Payment Processors Find Themselves in the Global Tax Compliance Crosshairs – Part II

As we discussed in part I, “Marketplace Facilitators and Payment Processors – The New Taxpayers?” an indirect tax trend the past several years is an effort to expand the number of types of businesses responsible for collecting tax, such as marketplace facilitators and payment processors, and the challenges casting this wider compliance net may have on their resources and ability to manage these new obligations. That post focused on the United States, while this post will focus on Latin America, a region with significant tax compliance mandates currently in force.

Marketplace Facilitator and Payment Processors in LatAm

In LatAm, back in 2003, Peru was probably the first country to loosely enact rules requiring foreign suppliers of digital goods and services, to collect and pay the local VAT when those services or goods were used and enjoyed in the country. However, since 2016, most countries have enacted specific legislation aimed to establish new tax responsibilities on foreign digital content and services providers. The scope of the digital services and the type of market platform specifically targeted varies from country to country, but in general, they seem to focus on those providing audiovisual services or digital goods (apps).

However, in conjunction with expanding their tax base to capture foreign suppliers, governments realized that effective enforcement required thinking about tax collection a little differently.

Colombia and Argentina VAT Collection Complications

Aware of these enforcement limitations, some countries placed the obligation of collecting and paying the VAT on the financial institution used by the local consumer to process the payment. Take, for example, Colombia and Argentina:

In December 2016, Colombia enacted Law 1819 which establishes that credit card companies will be responsible for collecting the VAT applicable to audiovisual services, digital platforms, online marketing, training services, and other electronic services supplied to users (individual private consumers not registered for VAT)  located in Colombia.

In Argentina, things are a little bit more complicated. In addition to the federal VAT, the Provinces and the Capital also apply local taxes and have legislation in place requiring foreign sellers of digital supplies and services to comply with the collection of local taxes. However, to facilitate tax collection by payment processors, the AFIP published a list of companies making taxable supplies to Argentina customers who are required to pay VAT.

VAT Rules in Costa Rica

One of the latest countries following the trend is Costa Rica. In July 2019, they will replace their sales tax with a new VAT and adopt a rule, making digital goods and electronic services sold to final consumers subject to VAT and requiring banks and financial entities to collect the tax.

Uruguay Tax Mandates

Bucking the trend is a country like Uruguay, which is publicly calling out some of the world’s largest digital suppliers and compelling them to collect and remit tax directly.

Chile Payment Processors and Tax

Still, other countries, such as Chile, are considering a Digital Service Tax which would function as a direct tax on suppliers. Chile has also recently proposed a special 10% tax on digital services provided by foreign suppliers that would substitute for both VAT and income tax. Although tax would be applied at a far lower rate (standard VAT applies at 19%) the Chilean government believes that efficiencies in enforcement and collection will mean an additional $250,000,000 annually. Part of the efficiency of this tax lies in that Chile will also use payment processors as a collection vehicle.

Mexico Marketplace Tax Collection

Mexico is also updating legislation to ensure proper taxation of digital services. The tax administration of Mexico (SAT) initiated negotiations with digital platforms including Uber, UberEATS, Rappi, Airbnb, and Cabify to ensure that the businesses using these platforms properly pay the applicable VAT and income tax. As a result, Mexico enacted a temporary regulation allowing these marketplaces to withhold and remit any applicable VAT and income tax on transactions processed through the platform. This measure remains optional for now but according to the SAT, the eventual plan is to mandate platform-based tax collection starting in 2020.

Brazil MarketPlace Taxation

The area where the taxation of the marketplace is more complicated is Brazil. Here, at least three federal taxes apply, plus the state and municipal level taxes. The complications do not come only from the different applicable taxes, but also from the withholding regimes and the invoicing responsibilities that are required from the federal government, the state and the municipalities. As if that was not enough, there is still a subjacent fiscal war among different levels of government about who should be able to tax that market. In order to clarify the taxation of the marketplace and the digital products, Brazil enacted in December 2016, a new law that added as a service subject to the ISSQN (the Municipal service tax of Brazil) the provision of digital services and products in the form of applications, visual or audio content among others, made available to consumers in Brazil by foreign providers. The problem here is that each of the municipalities of Brazil (more than 5 thousand) have their own tax rate, and compliance with those taxes vary from city to city.

LatAm Marketplace Regulation Heating Up

LatAm is very invested in making sure that there is some kind of regulation in place intended to tax or define the responsibilities of the marketplaces and the players. Specifically, after the OCDE and the CEPAL revealed that the region is losing more than 600 million dollars for not properly taxing those platforms and services, most countries are actively updating their VAT legislation to ensure compliance and proper collection of the taxes.

So, rather than thinking where there is legislation about the subject, we probably should find where there is not.